Patient Determinants - New pages [en]

Digital Therapeutics

2019-07-16T21:56:01Z

Admin:

Behavioral Health
* [http://www.mobihealthnews.com/content/digital-behavioral-health-company-ableto-launches-app-based-screening-tool AbleTo is a tech-enabled behavioral health company that offers a digital platform to connect people with licensed therapists and coaches. It has a three-minute assessment tool designed to screen people for common behavioral health conditions such as anxiety and depression. (4/4/17)]
* [http://www.mobihealthnews.com/content/silvercloud-raises-81m-digital-behavioral-health-platform SilverCloud makes an online platform of mental health and wellbeing programs for health systems and healthcare organizations (1/18/17)]
* [http://medcitynews.com/2015/12/digital-cognitive-assessment/ Cognitive Screening App - Savonix a digital cognitive screening tool for things like stress, depression, anxiety and memory issues linked to conditions like Alzheimer’s disease (12/9/15)]
* [http://www.mobihealthnews.com/content/lantern-raises-17m-its-mobile-based-mental-health-coaching-program Cognitive Behavior Therapy App - Lantern offers web and mobile programs using cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and stress. Lantern offers coaching to help people with stress, anxiety, and body image, and the company plans to add mood tracking. (2/10/16)]

Diabetes 
* [https://techcrunch.com/2017/03/16/smart-diabetes-management-service-livongo-health-raises-52-5m-and-looks-to-new-markets/amp/ Livongo Health offers a blood glucose monitor accompanied with a service designed to intervene and help coach people through managing diabetes. (3/16/17)]
* [http://www.mobihealthnews.com/content/backed-37m-startup-virta-launches-aim-reverse-type-2-diabetes-through-digital-coaching-and Virta Health has a mission to reverse type 2 diabetes by using personalized nutrition, one-on-one coaching and remote monitoring to reverse the disease rather than medication or surgery. (3/8/17)]

Medication Management 
* [https://www.mobihealthnews.com/content/propeller-health-gsk-expand-partnership-target-asthma-and-copd Propeller Inhaler clip-on sensor automatically records medication use to provide adherence insight to physicians and patients (8/24/17)]

[http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Services#Digital_Therapeutics Return to Digital Therapeutics]

See [[Mobile Health Apps]] examples

Monitoring and Manangement Technology

2019-03-01T20:14:08Z

Admin:

Blood Glucose Monitoring 
* [http://www.imedicalapps.com/2017/01/medtronic-fitbit-partner-connect-activity-data-continuous-glucose-monitoring/ Medtronic & Fitbit partner to connect activity data with continuous glucose monitoring (1/24/17)]
* [http://www.mobihealthnews.com/content/cms-will-cover-some-cgms-starting-dexcom-g5 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has deemed certain therapeutic continuous blood glucose meters (CGMs) as durable medical equipment and thus are eligible for coverage starting with Dexcom G5. (1/14/17)]
Heart Monitoring 
* [http://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/northwell-health-jumps-wearables Northwell Health partners with Peerbridge Health will enable remote monitoring for of wearables of cardiac patients. (5/24/17)]
* [https://techcrunch.com/2017/03/16/alivecor-built-an-ai-stroke-prevention-platform-with-30-million-from-omron-and-the-mayo-clinic/amp/ AliveCor is launching an artificially intelligent stroke prevention platform for doctors (3/16/17)]
* [http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20150520/NEWS/150519884 Study shows AliveCor mobile device coupled with a smartphone app can detect atrial fibrillation (5/20/15)]
* [http://medcitynews.com/2014/10/greatcall-alivecor-make-heart-monitoring-mobile/ Heart Monitor - GreatCall, a mobile health developer of apps, smart phones and other products, and monitoring device developer AliveCor are merging mobile health with cardiology. AliveCor Heart Monitor, which retails for $200, includes medical grade electrocardiogram recordings, which can be shared directly with a physician or cardiologist by way of a cloud-based analysis, according to the company. (10/30/14)]
Passive Sensor Monitoring 
* [https://www.fastcodesign.com/3054561/inside-a-robot-eyeball-science-will-decode-our-body-language Non-verbal Communication Monitoring via passive sensors - Inside A Robot Eyeball, Science Will Decode Our Body Language. Carnegie Mellon researchers have created the Panoptic Studio, a box that combines 480 separate video streams to decode non-verbal communication. (12/14/15)]
Patient Monitoring 
* [https://ehrintelligence.com/news/nc-health-system-adds-epic-patient-monitoring-technology Novant Health, a North Carolina provider, will use Epic’s Healthy Planet link to share dashboard information regarding current health trends with patients and physicians through Epic’s patient portal MyChart. (6/13/17)]
* [http://medcitynews.com/2017/02/trinity-health-home-vivify/ Trinity Health used the Vivify remote monitoring platform to expand virtual services to home health patients in seven states. The goal is to reduce visits to the emergency room as well as inpatient admissions for high-risk patients. (2/1/17)]
See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Digital_Health_Technology#Monitoring_and_Management Monitoring and Management Technology]

Measures

2019-02-28T23:58:53Z

Admin: Created page with "Healthcare Measures - Reimbursement Measures * Medical Diagnosis & Treatment Measures based on diagnosis * Quality (including safety & patient experience) Measures * Efficie..."

Healthcare Measures - Reimbursement Measures

* Medical Diagnosis & Treatment Measures based on diagnosis
* Quality (including safety & patient experience) Measures
* Efficiency Measures (via Risk Adjustment and Shared Savings)

* [https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/quality/what-defines-a-high-performing-healthcare-system-there-is-no-consensus-study-shows.html What defines a high-performing healthcare system? There is no consensus, study shows (8/25/17)]
** Quality: 93 percent of articles
** Cost: 67 percent
** Access: 35 percent
** Equity: 26 percent
** Patient experience: 21 percent
** Patient safety: 18 percent

Vendor Partner Examples

2019-02-22T21:02:32Z

Admin: Created page with "See Vendor Partners"

See [[Vendor Partners]]

Medication Management Insight

2019-02-22T20:59:22Z

Admin:

* [https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/supply-chain/study-reveals-electronic-reminders-did-not-notably-increase-medication-adherence.html Study reveals electronic reminders did not notably increase medication adherence (8/23/17)]
* [http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2623106 Medication reconciliation is a major focus of quality measurement activities. Primary care clinicians are expected to reconcile a patient’s medications at every visit. (5/23/17)]

[http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Care_Management_Programs#Medication_Management See Medication Management Programs]

Behavioral Health & Primary Care Integration

2019-02-22T20:38:49Z

Admin:

* [https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/sutter-health-quartet-health-partner-mental-health-coordination Sutter Health, Quartet Health partner on mental health coordination pilot to integrate mental and physical health for shared care planning. (8/22/17)]
* [http://khn.org/news/in-texas-people-with-mental-illness-find-work-helping-peers/ In Texas, People With Mental Illness Find Work Helping Peers (7/13/17)]
* [https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/06/therapy-for-everybody/531120/ In Appalachia, a primary-care clinic offers quick bursts of psychotherapy on the spot. (6/22/17)]
* [http://www.jsonline.com/story/money/2017/06/10/medical-college-wisconsin-working-address-severe/384552001/ Medical College of Wisconsin program provides pediatricians second opinions on how to treat a child with depression or another mental health condition, with a child psychiatrist or psychologist that will often get back to them within 30 minutes — and always within 24 hours. (6/10/17)]

See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Care_Management_Programs#Behavioral_Health_.26_Primary_Care_Integration Behavioral Health & Primary Care Integration]

Chronic Care Management Insight

2019-02-22T20:25:19Z

Admin:

* [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-017-4147-2 Providers’ Experiences with Chronic Care Management (CCM) Services and Fees: A Qualitative Research Study (8/7/17)]
* [https://patientengagementhit.com/news/why-do-patients-quit-chronic-care-self-management-programs Nearly 80 percent of patients drop out of their chronic disease management programs, setting them up for complications or worsening symptoms down the road. (6/1/17)]

See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Care_Management_Programs#Chronic_Care_Management Chronic Care Management Programs]

Health Insurers

2019-02-22T20:16:19Z

Admin:

* [https://healthpayerintelligence.com/features/how-payer-philanthropy-can-address-social-determinants-of-health Payers looking to reduce their downstream spending are pouring millions into addressing the social determinants of health in the community setting. (8/26/17)]
* [https://healthpayerintelligence.com/news/amp/tufts-health-plan-launches-four-medicaid-aco-partnerships Tufts Health Plan Launches Four Medicaid ACO Partnerships 8/21/17)]

See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Organization_Interventions#Health_Insurers Health Insurers]

Healthcare Provider Organizations

2019-02-21T19:06:19Z

Admin: Created page with " [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Organization_Interventions#Governments See Healthcare Provider Organizations Interventions]"

[http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Organization_Interventions#Governments See Healthcare Provider Organizations Interventions]

Vendor Partners

2019-02-21T18:40:14Z

Admin:

Digital Health Vendors 
* [https://www.mobihealthnews.com/content/50-digital-health-companies-share-2016-revenues-land-inc-5000-list 50 digital health companies share 2016 revenues to land on the Inc 5,000 list (8/18/17)]

Operating Partners
* [https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/aledade-tech-helping-solo-practitioners-stay-independent-amid-value-based-shift Aledade tech is helping solo practitioners stay independent amid value-based shift (8/23/17)]
* [https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/finance/global-healthcare-alliance-shares-3-observations-on-the-shift-to-value-based-care.html Global Healthcare Alliance manages value-based reimbursement programs for multiple clinical specialties on behalf of healthcare organizations across the U.S (8/17/17)]

[http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Organization_Interventions#Vendor_Partners See Vendor Partners Program Interventions]

Employer Programs

2019-02-21T17:33:43Z

Admin:

* [http://fortune.com/2017/08/17/companies-great-wellness-programs/ 7 Companies With Great Wellness Programs (8/17/17)]
[http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Organization_Interventions#Communities See Employer Interventions]

Medical Intervention Efficacy

2019-02-19T01:56:15Z

Admin:

[[Medical Interventions]] Efficacy are [[Health Determinants|health determinants]] that impact patients health.

Adverse Outcomes 
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/hospitals/30-percent-rehabilitation-hospital-patients-experience-harm-study-finds OIG report: 30% of rehab hospital patients experience harm (7/21/16)]
* [http://khn.org/news/elderly-hospital-patients-arrive-sick-often-leave-disabled/amp/ About one-third of patients over 70 years old and more than half of patients over 85 leave the hospital more disabled than when they arrived (8/9/16)]
* [http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2016/06/29/time-to-fix-the-black-hole-in-medicare-data/ Medicare pays for nearly 500,000 hip and knee replacement surgeries each year. Approximately 25,000 patients undergo procedures to remove and replace a previous artificial joint. Medicare program is unable to identify product failures, patient safety problems or performance of medical devices. (6/29/16)]
* [http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/03/upshot/if-patients-only-knew-when-more-information-means-less-treatment.html If Patients Only Knew How Often Treatments Could Harm Them (3/2/15)]

Cancer Treatments 
* [http://khn.org/news/one-in-three-women-with-breast-cancer-treated-unnecessarily-study-concludes/amp/ One In Three Women With Breast Cancer Treated Unnecessarily, Study Concludes (1/9/17)]
* [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1606220?af=R&rss=currentIssue& At a median of 10 years, prostate-cancer–specific mortality was low irrespective of the treatment assigned, with no significant difference among treatments. (10/13/16)]

Low-Value Care 
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/finance/18-low-value-tests-cost-minnesota-patients-54-9m-mayo-and-state-study.html 18 'low-value' tests cost Minnesota patients $54.9M, Mayo and state study finds (6/2/17)]
* [http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2015/12/03/taking-stock-of-choosing-wisely/ Roughly 93 percent of quality measures and initiatives have focused on underuse. Choosing Wisely focuses on the overuse that impacts quality and safety (12/3/15)]
* [http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1868536 Medicare spent $8.5 billion on 26 measures of low-value care (7/2014)]

Medical Errors 
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/quality/physicians-prescribe-wrong-antibiotic-half-of-the-time.html Physicians prescribe wrong antibiotic half of the time (10/25/16)]
* [http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20160504/NEWS/160509962/medical-errors-may-kill-250000-a-year-but-problem-not-being-tracked Medical errors may kill 250,000 a year, but problem not being tracked (5/4/16)]
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/healthcare/medical-errors-officially-third-leading-cause-death-u-s-study-finds Medical errors officially the third leading cause of death in U.S., study finds (5/3/16)]
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/healthcare/medication-errors-occur-half-surgeries-mgh-study-finds Medication errors or unintended drug side effects occurred in about half of all surgeries done at Boston's Massachusetts General Hospital (10/26/15)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/quality/study-medical-error-deaths-4-5-times-more-likely-than-iom-estimate.html Study: Medical Error Deaths 4.5 Times More Likely Than IOM Estimate 9/20/13)]''Medical Decisions''' 

Physician Preference Sensitive Treatments 
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/34/6/993.abstract Physician Characteristics Strongly Predict Patient Enrollment In Hospice (6/2015)]

Surgeries 
* [http://khn.org/news/for-knee-pain-experts-say-dont-think-about-scoping-it/ A review of 13 studies, involving nearly 1,700 patients, found that arthroscopic surgery for patients with degenerative knee problems did not provide lasting pain relief or improve function. (5/10/17)]
* [http://www.bmj.com/content/356/bmj.j1131 Total knee replacement of patients with knee osteoarthritis had minimal effects on quality of life. If procedure were restricted to more severely affected patients, its effectiveness would rise, with practice becoming economically more attractive than its current use. (3/28/17)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/why-medically-unnecessary-surgeries-still-happen.html 400,000 middle-aged and older Americans undergo meniscus surgery. Studies have concluded that meniscus surgery offers no additional benefits regular exercise could not. (8/5/16)]
* [http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/05/01/403611589/who-keeps-track-if-your-surgery-goes-well-or-fails For 99 percent of people in America, when they go in to have surgery, the outcome of that operation is not measured (5/3/15)]
* [http://www.reuters.com/article/us-knee-replacement-inappropriate-idUSKBN0F52LC20140630 One-third of knee replacements in the U.S. may be inappropriate (6/30/14)]

Unnecessary Care 
* [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0181970 Overtreatment in the United States - Study finds physicians believe that 20.6 percent of all medical care was unnecessary, including 22 percent of prescriptions, 24.9 percent of tests and 11.1 percent of procedures. (9/6/17)]
* [https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20170801.061337/full/ Professional Athletes And Back Surgery: A Teachable Moment On Overuse In Health Care? (8/1/17)]
* [http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/05/11/overkill-atul-gawande OVERKILL: An avalanche of unnecessary medical care is harming patients physically and financially. What can we do about it? (5/11/15)]
* [http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/in-brief/2015/jan/choosing-wisely-a-growing-international-campaign Choosing Wisely: In addition to wasting valuable resources, the unnecessary use of medical tests, treatments, and procedures can sometimes harm patients (1/20/15)]
* [http://medcitynews.com/2014/09/study-fear-lawsuits-drives-docs-order-unnecessary-diagnostics-hospitalization/ Study of 4,215 orders shows $226 spent per patient on unnecessary care (9/16/14)]

Medical Intervention Treatments

2019-02-19T01:55:50Z

Admin: /* Physician Office Visit */

[[Medical Interventions]] Treatments are [[Health Determinants|health determinants]] that impact patients health.

===Acute Care===
Observation Stays 
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/healthcare/1-5-medicare-patients-return-to-hospital-after-observation-stay 1 in 5 Medicare patients return to hospital after an observation stay (6/21/17)]
===Behavioral Health Treatments===
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2016/10/19/report-more-than-half-of-mentally-ill-u-s-adults-get-no-treatment/ More than half of mentally ill U.S. adults get no treatment (10/19/16)]
* [http://khn.org/news/screening-positive-for-depression-doesnt-mean-youll-get-treatment-study-finds/amp/ Most Americans who screen positive for depression don’t receive treatment — while most who did receive treatment don’t actually have the condition. (8/29/16)]
* [http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2016/08/10/suicide-prevention-access-to-behavioral-health-services-lacking/ Over 80% of individuals who had an emergency department visit for self-harm did not receive treatment from a specialty behavioral health provider in the 90 days before their emergency department visit. (8/10/16)]
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/35/6/1052.full In fighting an opiod epidemic, medication-assisted treatment is effective but underused (6/2016)]
* [http://www.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/samhsa-fy2016-congressional-justification.pdf More than half of people with mental illnesses and 90 percent of people with substance use disorders do not get specialty care services. (2016)]
* [http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2015/10/why-80-percent-of-addicts-cant-get-treatment/410269/ 80% of people who are dependent on heroin or painkillers are not getting treatment (10/13/15)]
* [http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2015/10/01/the-forgotten-chronic-disease-mental-health-among-teens-and-young-adults/ Approximately one in five Americans—including children, teens, college youth, and adults—has a mental health problem. Majority of children with mental health conditions are not identified and lack access to treatment. Barriers include: Stigma, Inadequate screening by primary care providers, Trouble finding treatment, Failure to implement evidence-based therapies, Slow implementation of research findings (10/1/15)]

Opioid Treatment 
* [https://www.statnews.com/2017/08/11/opioid-overdose-costs/ Between 2009 and 2015, the average cost of care per opioid admission increased from $58,500 to $92,400 (8/11/17)]
* [http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2015/05/24/addiction-treatment-shortage/27181773/ Addiction treatment hard to find, even as overdose deaths soar (5/24/15)]

===Emergency Room===
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/quality/10k-patients-die-each-year-within-7-days-of-leaving-a-hospital-er-study-finds.html 10k patients die each year within 7 days of leaving a hospital ER, study finds. (2/1/17)]
* [https://www.excellusbcbs.com/wps/portal/xl/!ut/p/b0/04_Sj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfGjzOJDQoNMfMw9jAzcPQPMDTxNwnyCLc0DjAyCjfQLsh0VAfw_Qe0!/?WCM_PORTLET=PC_Z7_TUR4L7H20GIP70I4VLS97P2020000199_WCM&WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/wps/wcm/connect/default/excellus/our+company/news+room/news+releases/excellus+corporate+news/corpnr-06apr2016-alternatives+for+potentially+preventable+nys+hospital+er+visits+examined 10 common conditions represent more than 2 million annual visits to NY State hospital ERs at an estimated cost of about $1.3 billion, and 9 out of 10 of them could have been avoided or treated elsewhere (4/6/16).]
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/healthcare/most-2012-minnesota-ed-visits-were-unnecessary Most 2012 Minnesota ED visits were unnecessary. The more than 1 million ED visits may have been prevented (7/23/15)]
* [http://www.forbes.com/sites/robertglatter/2015/06/01/er-revisit-rates-higher-than-previously-thought-often-more-costly-than-initial-visits/#2669acb66893 ER Revisit Rates Higher Than Previously Thought, Often More Costly Than Initial Visits (6/1/15)]

===Medications===
* [https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/supply-chain/10-most-popular-prescription-drugs-for-2017.html 10 most popular prescription drugs for 2017 (7/24/17)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/opioids/study-prolonged-opioid-use-is-the-most-common-postsurgical-complication.html Study: Prolonged opioid use is the most common postsurgical complication (4/12/17)]
* [http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/12/20/502470255/opioids-can-derail-the-lives-of-older-people-too Study of Medicare recipients found about 15% were prescribed an opioid when they were discharged from the hospital; three months later, 42% were still taking the pain medicine. (12/20/16)]
* [http://cardiology.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2521453 Study found a failure by cardiologists to correctly recognize which of their patients were nonadherent with medications (7/2016)]
* [http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-pharmaceuticals-costs-idUSKBN0NY08H20150513 575,000 Americans used at least $50,000 in prescription medicines last year, about 139,000 used at least $100,000 worth of medication (5/13/15)]
* [http://khn.org/news/americas-other-drug-problem-copious-prescriptions-for-hospitalized-elderly/amp/ ‘America’s other drug problem’: Giving the elderly too many prescriptions. 74-year-old woman with a long history of health problems was in the hospital with pneumonia and difficulty breathing. Her medical records showed she was on 36 medications. (8/15/16)]

===Physician Office Visit===
Advanced Care Planning 
* [https://khn.org/news/end-of-life-advice-more-than-500000-chat-on-medicares-dime/ In 2016, the first year advance-care planning session Medicare paid health care providers for this service, nearly 575,000 Medicare beneficiaries took part in the conversations (8/14/18)]
Frequency 
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/34-of-american-adults-did-not-see-talk-to-a-physician-last-year-3-report-findings-to-know.html CDC report: 34% of American adults did not see, talk to a physician last year (5/5/16)]
Preventitive Care and Screenings 
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/early/2017/02/16/hlthaff.2016.1231 A study found that only 4% of adults were screened for depression during primary care visits. (2/23/17)]
* [http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2016/02/depression-screening-primary-care/462933/ Why Depression Screenings Should Be Part of Routine Check-Ups (2/16/16)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/us-task-force-recommends-physicians-screen-all-adult-patients-for-depression.html US task force recommends physicians screen all adult patients for depression (1/26/16)]
* [http://articles.philly.com/2015-04-01/news/60686734_1_health-policy-health-care-blood-pressure Annual Wellness Visit - It is now more a conversation about wellness and prevention then trying to find evidence of disease as it was in the past (4/1/15)]
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/35/1/62.abstract Only 10% of Medicaid smokers received cessation medications in 2013. (1/2016)]
* [http://medcitynews.com/2016/05/walgreens-mental-health/ Walgreens hopes to screen 3 million on mental health by next year (5/10/16)]

===Post-Acute Care===
Post-Acute Care 
* [http://medcitynews.com/2013/08/iom-finds-regional-health-spending-differences-linked-to-post-hospital-care-provider-charges/ IOM finds regional health spending differences linked to post-hospital care, provider charges (8/5/13)]

Readmission to Hospitals
* [http://khn.org/news/some-seniors-just-want-to-be-left-alone-which-can-lead-to-problems/ 28% of patients offered home health care when they’re being discharged from a hospital — mostly older adults — say “no” to those service. (6/15/17)]
* [http://www.mcolblog.com/kcblog/2017/6/9/centura-health-shares-strategies-for-reducing-readmissions-i.html Centura Health Shares Strategies for Reducing Readmissions in Bundled Payment Arrangementsfor total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) (6/9/17)]
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/healthcare/one-5-hospital-discharges-has-vital-sign-red-flags 1 in 5 hospital patients discharged with unstable vital signs--a likely cause of deaths, readmissions (8/10/16)]
* [http://khn.org/news/more-than-half-of-hospitals-to-be-penalized-for-excess-readmissions/amp/ The government will punish more than half of the nation’s hospitals — a total of 2,597 — having more patients than expected return within a month. (8/2/16)]
* [http://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/reports/2013/rwjf404178 One in five elderly patients is back in the hospital within 30 days of leaving (11/2013)]

===Retail Clinics===
* [https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/patient-flow/retail-clinics-reduce-unnecessary-er-visits-by-up-to-12.html Retail clinics reduce unnecessary ER visits by up to 12% (7/17/17)]
* [http://medcitynews.com/2016/11/valuable-retail-clinics-havent-resulted-lower-er-visits/ While valuable, retail clinics haven’t resulted in lower ER visits (11/14/16)]

===Virtual Visits===
* [http://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/study-shows-telehealth-increased-office-visits-had-minimal-health-benefits Study shows telehealth increased office visits, had minimal health benefits (8/16/17)]
* [https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/mobile/survey-more-than-half-patients-prefer-telehealth-to-person-care Survey: More than half of patients prefer telehealth visits to in-person care (7/17/17)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/telehealth/rural-telehealth-use-for-mental-illness-sees-uptick-of-45-yearly-10-study-insights.html Rural telehealth use for mental illness sees uptick of 45% yearly (5/2/17)]
* [http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/06/30/325488110/online-psychotherapy-gains-fans-and-raises-privacy-concerns Online Psychotherapy Gains Fans And Raises Privacy Concerns (6/30/14)]
* [https://ehrintelligence.com/news/41-organizations-reimbursed-telehealth-services/ 41% of Organizations Are Not Reimbursed for Telehealth Services (11/13/14)]

Virtual Visits 
* [https://ehrintelligence.com/news/telehealth-visits-are-83-effective-less-than-half-as-costly/ Telehealth Visits Are 83% Effective, Less Than Half as Costly (12/16/14)]
* [http://mobihealthnews.com/34027/12-virtual-visit-services-that-connect-patients-at-home-to-doctors-or-nurses 12 virtual visit services that connect patients at home to doctors or nurses (6/12/14)]
* [https://ehrintelligence.com/news/telehealth-for-chronic-disease-patients-improves-satisfaction/ Telehealth for chronic disease patients improves satisfaction (5/12/14)]
* [http://www.healthworkscollective.com/thielst/285556/virtual-visits-cutting-healthcare-costs Virtual Visits: Cutting Healthcare Costs (1/2/15)]

Medical Intervention Diagnosis

2019-02-19T01:53:35Z

Admin:

[[Medical Interventions]] Diagnosis are [[Health Determinants|health determinants]] that impact patients health.

Cancer 
* [https://www.statnews.com/2016/10/12/mammogram-overdiagnose-breast-cancer/ For every woman in whom mammography detected a breast cancer that was destined to become large and potentially life-threatening, about four are diagnosed with one that would never have threatened their health (10/12/16)]

Misdiagnosis 
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-physician-relationships/how-4-types-of-cognitive-bias-contribute-to-physician-diagnostic-errors-and-how-to-overcome-it.html How 4 types of cognitive bias contribute to physician diagnostic errors — and how to overcome them (6/9/17)]
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/practices/more-than-20-patients-misdiagnosed-by-primary-care-providers-study-finds More than 20% of patients misdiagnosed by primary care providers, Mayo Clinic study finds (4/4/17)]
* [http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2598265 As many as 1 in 3 adults diagnosed with asthma may not actually have the disease, according to research published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. (1/17/17)]
* [http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2015/09/22/iom-study-shows-errors-in-diagnosis-harm-countless-patients-each-year Institute of Medicine: Most patients will experience a misdiagnosis in their lifetime (9/22/15)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/quality/1-in-20-patients-misdiagnosed-each-year-survey-finds.html 1 in 20 patients misdiagnosed each year, survey finds (9/4/14)]
* [http://www.livescience.com/46851-antibiotics-wrongly-prescribed-influenza-cdc.html Doctors Wrongly Prescribed Antibiotics in 30% of 2013 Flu Cases, Stays Study (7/17/14)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/quality/12-million-u-s-adults-misdiagnosed-every-year.html 2 Million U.S. Adults Misdiagnosed Every Year (4/17/14)]

Un-diagnosed Conditions 
* [http://medcitynews.com/2015/08/crowdsourcing-is-being-used-to-help-diagnose-those-patients-who-have-doctors-stumped/ Crowdsourcing is being used to help diagnose those patients who have doctors stumped (8/19/15)]
* [http://medcitynews.com/2015/07/undiagnosed-chronic-conditions/ A survey by HealthMine revealed that 46% of the people who discovered they had a previously undiagnosed chronic condition received the diagnosis through their employer wellness program. (7/11/15)]

Medical Intervention Access

2019-02-19T01:50:16Z

Admin:

[[Medical Interventions]] Access are [[Health Determinants|health determinants]] that impact patients health.

Behavioral Health Access 
* [http://kcur.org/post/shortage-psychiatrists-leads-patients-costly-er-hospitalization#stream/0 Shortage of Psychiatrists Leads Patients to Costly ER, Hospitalization (5/23/17)]
* [http://blog.acphospitalist.org/2016/12/suicide-psychiatric-care-and-inadequate.html Suicide rate in America has risen by 24% in the last 15 years associated with a significant reduction in the numbers of psychiatric beds available. (12/28/16)]
* [http://khn.org/news/scarcity-of-mental-health-care-means-patients-especially-kids-land-in-er/amp/ Scarcity Of Mental Health Care Means Patients — Especially Kids — Land In ER (10/17/16)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/patient-flow/suicidal-patients-often-wait-hours-for-hospital-beds.html Suicidal patients often wait hours for hospital beds (9/20/16)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/patient-flow/amid-shortage-number-of-psychiatric-beds-in-us-down-13-from-2010.html Number of psychiatric beds in US down 13% from 2010. (8/2/16)]
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/35/7/1271.abstract Population Of US Practicing Psychiatrists Declined, 2003–13, Which May Help Explain Poor Access To Mental Health Care (7/2016)]
* [http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2014/07/troubling-deficiencies-mental-health-system.html The troubling deficiencies in our mental health system (7/4/14)]
* [http://mashable.com/2014/05/01/get-help-anonymously/#XcWpnilo6uq7 4 Ways to Reach Out for Mental Health Help Anonymously (5/1/14)]

Medical Care Access 
* [http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2017/aug/state-variation-high-need-adults High-need adults faced significant barriers accessing needed care in many states. In Alabama, Georgia, Idaho, North Carolina, and South Carolina, for example, 40 percent or more of high-need adults reported not seeing a doctor when needed or not filling a prescription because of cost. (8/7/17)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/patient-engagement/10-statistics-about-treating-patients-with-complex-needs.html In a survey of high-need patients (2 or more major chronic conditions like heart failure, stroke or diabetes requiring insulin, among other factors), 19% used the ED instead of a physician's office or a clinic, 44% delayed care in the past year because of inhibited access. 22% reported a lack of transportation as a reason for delaying care. 95% have a regular physician or place of care, only 35% said it was somewhat or very easy to get medical care after hours without visiting an ED, compared to 53% of other adults (12/9/16)]
* [http://www.forbes.com/sites/robertpearl/2016/07/07/how-the-immense-gap-between-physicians-and-patients-threatens-all-of-us/#1f7cd3ca67f8 Access to medical care in the evenings and on weekends. 32% of doctors say they see patients in person and only 58% say they provide advice by telephone 24/7. Only 38% of patients say they can obtain medical advice by telephone during off-hours. 2% of patients are able to engage in a video visit with their physicians. (7/7/16)]

Biological Age

2019-02-17T19:59:54Z

Admin:

In order to measure [[Health Outcomes|health outcomes]], we need to measure [[Health Status|health status]] before and after '''interventions''' ([[Medical Interventions|Medical]] &
[[Non-Medical Interventions|Non-Medical]]) and [[Biological Age|biological age]] and [[Health Status|health status]] on each birthday.

[[Biological Age|Biological age]] (physiological age) is a measure of how well or poorly your body is functioning relative to your actual calendar age (chronological age). Here are examples of how to measure your [[Biological Age|biological age]]:

* [http://www.biological-age.com/ Measure your biological age in 2 minutes by answering this fun and simple quiz.]

Old Health Determinants

2019-01-31T20:03:50Z

Admin:

[Health Determinants]] can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. [[Health Determinants]] include [[barriers]], [[symptoms]] and [[Functional Status|functional status]]. The [http://www.dcoe.mil/Libraries/Documents/Phase_2_IOM_Social_Behavioral_Domains_2014_18951.pdf Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends] capturing social and behavioral determinants in Electronic Medical Records. [https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/socialdeterminants/faq.html CDC defines Determinants of health as factors that contribute to a person's current state of health.]

==Health Conditions ''Determinants''==
'''Health Conditions''' Determinants that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and [http://www.patientwell-being.org/general/what-is-personal-well-being/ well-being]. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Health_Conditions_Insight Health Conditions Insight].
===Physical Conditions ''Determinants''===
'''Physical Conditions''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and [http://www.patientwell-being.org/general/what-is-personal-well-being/ well-being]. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Physical_Conditions_Insight Physical Conditions Insight]. Medicare has developed a model to categorize Physical Conditions in order to risk [http://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Health-Plans/MedicareAdvtgSpecRateStats/Risk-Adjustors.html '''risk adjust'''] health insurers that are covering patients. The [[CMS-HCC Risk Adjustments]] model adjust for patient demographics (i.e., age, disabled) and disease (i.e., diabetes, congested heart failure).

* Allergies & Adverse Drug Reactions
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comorbidity Comorbidities] - chronic disorders (or diseases) that need to be managed. Most comorbidities do not get cured.
* Demographics - Age, Sex, Disabled, Long Term Institutional Status (LTI Designated Status)
* [http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/vaccines-list.htm Immunizations] - Flu, Tetanus
* Physical Impairments - Physical Impairments (Use of limbs, arthritis, amputation, birth defects, Epilepsy), Sensory Impairments (Blind or Visually Impaired, Deaf or Hard of Hearing, loss of taste and smell)
* Medical History - Adverse events, Family Medical History, Medical Conditions, Surgeries
* Physiological Metrics - Blood glucose level, Blood pressure, Cholesterol level (HDL, LDL, etc), Heart rate
* Problem and Symptom lists - Pressure Ulcers, Pain, asthma, Fever, Fractures, Headache, Rash or skin infection, Shortness of Breath, Sprains, Upper respiratory tract infection, Wounds
* [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2318/14/25 '''Frailty Index''']
* [[CCS Diagnostic Categories]]

===Mental Health Conditions ''Determinants''===
'''Mental Health Conditions''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Mental_Health_Conditions_Insight Mental Health Conditions Insight].
* Comorbidities - mental health disorders (or diseases) that need to be managed. Most comorbidities do not get cured.
* Disorders - Anxiety Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism, Bipolar Disorder, Eating Disorder, Depression, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Panic Disorders, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Schizophrenia
* History
* Impairments - Cognitive Impairments (Delirium "confused state", Dementia), Developmental

===Functional Conditions ''Determinants''===
'''Functional Conditions''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Functional_Conditions_Insight Functional Conditions Insight].
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activities_of_daily_living '''Activities of Daily Living (ADL’s)'''] or the ten variables in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barthel_scale '''Barthel scale''']
* Basic Life Activities or the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activities_of_daily_living '''Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs)'''] - Clean home or setting, drive, laundry, Prepare food and/or cook, Shopping (Food, Medicines, necessities, etc., Use Public Transportation,
* Required Devices - pacemakers, artificial limb, etc.
* Logistic Capabilities - Walk, Assisted Walking, Wheelchair, Equipment Requirements (Oxygen, heart device, etc.)
* Disabilities and Impairments as defined by the [http://www.dc37.net/about/graphics/factsheetspdf/disability_defined.pdf American Disabilities Act]
* Homebound - unable to travel to physician offices
* Work - Physically able to go back to work or enough functional ability to find a new job
* Passion - Physically able to go back to work or enough functional ability to find a new job
* Mental - Not prevented from working, pursuing passion and functional activities because of mental health challenges
* [[Requires Support]] - for ADLs or IADLs
* Functional History

===Genomic Profiles ''Determinants''===
'''Genomic Profiles''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Genomic_Profiles_Insight Genomic Profiles Insight].

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_genome '''Human Genome''']] - complete set of genetic information encoded as DNA sequences within the 23 chromosome pairs. It includes the genomes of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor '''tumors'''], the abnormal mass of tissue from abnormal growth or division of cells.

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbiome '''Microbiome'''] - the collective genomes of the microorganisms that share our body space. The resident bacteria, viruses ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_virome '''virome''']) and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryote '''other microbes with genomes'''].

* Other Genomic Profiles - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolome '''Metabolome'''] - are small molecules with metabolism functions of fuel, structure, signaling, stimulatory and inhibitory effects on enzymes and other catalytic activities. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteome '''Proteome'''] - set of proteins expressed by a genome, cell, tissue or organism at a given time, under defined conditions. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcriptome '''Transcriptome'''] - set of all molecules use to create new cells with genomes. [https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/howgeneswork/epigenome '''epigenome'''] multitude of chemical compounds that have been added to the entirety of one’s DNA (genome) as a way to regulate the activity (expression) of all the genes within the genome. These chemical compounds of the epigenome are not part of the DNA sequence, but are on or attached to DNA (“epi-“ means above in Greek).

==Behavior ''Determinants''==
'''Behavior''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Behavior_Insight Behavior Insight]. The psychology determinants are how behavior and the mind relate to the health, social, socioeconomic, environmental and care management [[Health Determinants|determinants]].

===Activity ''Determinants''===
'''Activity''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Activity_Insight Activity Insight].
* Physical Activity - Exercise, Activity Levels, frequency of activity (vs. long duration of sitting), Behaviors (Always walks, always drive, always buses or subways, Work (how active), Activities (Sports, Hiking, gardening)
* Sleep
* Nutrition - Diet and Nutrition (Fast Food, Take Out, Home cooked meals)
* Career/Vocation
* Passions
* Social Interactions - Engagement with others, Caregivers, Organized Communities - like [http://www.patientslikeme.com/ '''PatientsLikeMe'''], Socially Isolated, Activities (play cards, go to lunches, Social Organizations, frequent bars), Family Activities (dinners, youth sports)
* Social Activities
* Sedentary Activities - Television (Watch Baseball, Drama series, News - Favorite programs, Other Sedentary Activities (Read, knit,etc.)
* Spectator Activities - sports, entertainment, theater, parade, or other events
* Responsibilities Activities - Care Giver Roles to kids, parents, friends
* Travel Activities - Snowbird (summers in the North, winters in the South),Travel, Visit Family
===Adverse Behaviors ''Determinants''===
'''Adverse Behaviors''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Adverse_Behaviors_Insight Adverse Behaviors Insight].
* Alcohol,
* Drugs,
* Falls
* Gambling,
* Unprotected sex,
* Smoking

===Self-Management Behavior ''Determinants''===
'''Self-Management Behavior''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Self-Management_Behavior_Insight Self-Management Behavior Insight].
* Activation Level - [http://www.insigniahealth.com/products/pam.html Patient Activation Measures] - patient's management of interventions (Medical or Non-Medical), conditions, and symptoms based on the patient's [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Self-Management_Competencies_Determinants Self-Management Competencies].
* History of self-management behavior
* Condition Management Behavior - Diabetic monitoring glucose and injecting insulin, Self-care
* Conscientiousness - behavior of doing a task well, being thorough, careful, and/or vigilant.
* Reliable and Organized - behavior as opposed to easy-going and disorderly.
* Treatment Adherence Behavior - Medication Adherence, Nutrition, Therapy, Physician Visits, Recommended Activity levels
* Medication Management - management and adherence of oral and injectable medicine
* Intervention Activation - Know when to ask for help, Comfortable asking for help, Know who to ask for help
* Technology Aptitude (patient or authorized care giver) - Internet and Online Usage, Education Videos, Patient Portal Usage, Use of Secure Texting, Video Conferencing, email, Use of remote monitoring devices (Blood Pressure cuff, remote diagnostic devices (ecg app), Use of tablet, computer or smartphone
* Online Personal Health Record - Online Electronic Health Record, Blue Button, Access Authorization (Recovery Team access), Patient Input History (Patient answer questions or inputs data into Personal Health Record)
* Technology Usage - Broadband Internet, Wifi Router, Telecom Network (AT&T, Verizon), Computer, Smartphone or Tablet, Remote Monitoring Devices (Blood pressure cuff, blood glucose monitoring), Remote Diagnostic Devices (ECG app, Accessing patient history via [http://www.healthit.gov/patients-families/blue-button/about-blue-button Blue Button]

==Health Competencies ''Determinants''==
'''Health Competencies''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Health_Competencies_Insight Health Competencies Insight].

===Health Literacy ''Determinants''===
Health Literacy Determinants impact a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Health_Literacy_Insight Health Literacy Insight].
* Activation Level - [http://www.insigniahealth.com/products/pam.html Patient Activation Measures] - Undertands why and how to manage their health. These competencies help improve [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Self-Management_Behavior_Determinants Self-Management Behavior].
* Health Risks - understand their health risks and how to manage them
* Health Conditions - understands their health conditions
* Health Condition Management Knowledge - understands how to manage their health conditions (i.e., Diabetic glucose monitoring and injecting insulin)
* Interventions (Medical and Non-Medical)- understands why the interventions are necessary for overall health.
* Assistance Engagement - Know when to ask for help, Comfortable asking for help, Know who to ask for help
* Education - Diagnosis, Prognosis, Treatments, Understand Options and onboard with the treatment plan

===Self-Management Competencies ''Determinants''===
Self Management Competencies Determinants can impact a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Self-Management_Competencies_Insight Self-Management Competency Insight].
* Activation Level - [http://www.insigniahealth.com/products/pam.html Patient Activation Measures] - have competencies to manage conditions, interventions (medical or non-medical) and is committed to the treatment. These competencies help improve [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Self-Management_Behavior_Determinants Self-Management Behavior].
* Health Condition Management Competencies - understands how to manage their health conditions (i.e., Diabetic glucose monitoring and injecting insulin)
* Conscientiousness - a desire to do a task well being thorough, careful, or vigilant.
* Reliable and Organized - as opposed to easy-going and disorderly.
* Intervention (Medical or Non-Medical) Competencies - Medication Adherence, Nutrition, Therapies, Physician Visits, Recommended Activity levels
* Medication Management Competencies - management and adherence of oral and injectable medicine
* Assistance Engagement - Know when and how to ask for help, Comfortable asking for help, Know who to ask for help
* Technology Competencies (patient or authorized care giver) - Internet and Online Usage, Education Videos, Patient Portal Usage, Use of Secure Texting, Video Conferencing, email, Use of remote monitoring devices (Blood Pressure cuff, remote diagnostic devices (ecg app), Use of tablet, computer or smartphone
* Access Online Personal Health Record - Online Electronic Health Record, Blue Button, Access Authorization (Care Team access), Patient Provided Input History (Patient answer questions or inputs data into Personal Health Record)
* Technology Access - Broadband Internet, Wifi Router, Telecom Network (AT&T, Verizon), Computer, Smartphone or Tablet, Remote Monitoring Devices

==Social ''Determinants''==
'''Social''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Social_Insight Social Insight].

===Patient (About & History) ''Determinants''===
'''Patient (About & History)''' Determinants can impact a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Patient_.28About_.26_History.29_Insight Patient (About & History) Insight].
* About - Narrative/Story, Photos
* [[Marital Status]]
* '''Family''' - List of Family Members and their proximity
* Friends - List of Friends with their proximity
* [[Childhood Events Determinants|Childhood events]]
* [[Childhood Upbringing Determinants|Childhood upbringing]]
* Military Service
* [[Psychosocial Circumstances Determinants|Psychosocial Circumstances]]
* Passions/Goals - Sports Teams, Television, reading, social media, Activities - Walking, shopping, etc.
* Sexual Orientation
* [[Race & Ethnicity]]
* Country of Origin/US Born or Non-US Born

===Beliefs ''Determinants''===
'''Beliefs''' Determinants can impact a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Beliefs_Insight Beliefs Insight].
* Health Literacy Beliefs
* Religion and faith
* Perspectives - politics, lifestyle, culture
* Trust and faith in Institutions - Healthcare, Education, Government
* Trust and faith in Physicians, nurses and the medical professions
* Beliefs about impacting people, caregivers, family, friends, care team
* Beliefs in whether the current care plan will work
* Beliefs about current health conditions
* Beliefs about physicial activity, nutrition and sleep
* Beliefs about adverse behavior
* Beliefs about self-management of health

===Determination ''Determinants''===
'''Determination''' Determinants can impact a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Determination_Insight Determination Insight].
* Willingness to change or do something different
* Desire to make change happen
* Eagerness to learn how to improve health
* Desire to improve health
* Detrmination to stick to a plan to achieve the desired outcome
* Desire to make something happen
* Enthusiasm to make something happen
* Personal goals and dreams

===Resilience ''Determinants'' - (Psychological Fitness)===
'''Resilience''' Determinants can impact a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Resilience_Insight Resilience Insight]. A patient that is psychologically fit can have a positive effect on patient outcomes.
* ''Emotional Fitness'' -positive and negative emotions, optimism, flexible thinking, coping, character strengths
* ''Social Fitness'' - trust, friendships, balance between privacy and loneliness
* ''Family Fitness'' - trust, friendship, intimacy, supportive dialog, manage conflict, avoid escalation
* ''Spiritual Fitness'' - religious and non-religious, what provides purpose and meaning
* ''Socioeconomic fitness'' - income, marketable job skills, savings, sources of money,
* Stress Factors - Recent Stressful Events, Ongoing Stressful Challenge, Potential Stressful Events
* Optimism and Self-Efficacy - belief in ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task which can play a major role in how one approaches goals, tasks, and challenges.
* Support system
* Sentiment - related to health, social, socioeconomic, environmental and care management [[Health Determinants|determinants]].
* Change Acceptance and Determination - Acceptance to '''change''' to Behavior, Lifestyle, address Problem (Stress), Patient Activation, Patient Technology Adoption. Determination to make '''change''' happen. University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale [http://www.umbc.edu/psyc/habits/content/ttm_measures/urica/ '''(URICA)''']
* [http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/acestudy/ '''Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE)''']
* Adversity Exposure - Violence, verbal abuse, death, poverty, financial stress, depression, anxiety

===Responsibilities ''Determinants''===
'''Responsibilities''' Determinants can impact a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Responsibilities_Insight Responsibilities Insight].
* Family - Dependent Children, sick family member
* Caregiver role - for family members or friend
* Community Commitments - that helps other people
* Employment Income - that provides income, health insurance that is critical to support family
* Other Demands - pressing demands such as finish school, sell a house, resolve a legal issue.
* Personal Commitments - go to Church on Sunday, go to granddaughters soccer game
* Legal Responsibilities - criminal, civil, divorce decree, immigration, etc

===Social Well-Being ''Determinants''===
'''Social Well-Being''' Determinants can impact a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Social_Well-Being_Insight Social Well-Being Insight].
* [[Social Environment Determinants|Social Environment]]
* Goals
* '''Purpose & Meaning''' - ''Spiritual Fitness'', part of something bigger than self, responsibilities
* '''Competence & Success''' - ''Emotional Fitness'', Life Satisfaction, responsibilities
* '''Passion Engagement''' - engaging in passions, activities, social, career, religious beliefs, mindfulness, hobbies, etc.
* Perspectives
* Dignity - feeling worthy of acceptance, feeling you have something to contribute, you can accomplish things without help
* '''Connection & Love''' - feeling love or feeling meaningful connections that you believe the other person really understands you.
* ''Family'' - a sense of belonging to and having a role in a family, group of friends or community, having meaningful connections that you believe the other person really understands you.
* '''Friendships''' - people you feel comfortable talking to, spending time with or sharing a passion with
* '''Social Status''' - how we believe we are scene within family, friends, community, work, etc.
* ''Spouse''

===Support ''Determinants''===
'''Support''' Determinants can impact are a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Support_Insight Support Insight].
* [[Social Support Group Determinants|Social support group]]
* Caregiver
* Emotional support - from family and friends, provider
* Physical support - someone who can be there physically to help
* Influential support - people who the patient trusts to help with decision making

==Socioeconomic ''Determinants''==
'''Socioeconomic''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Socioeconomic_Insight Socioeconomic Insight].
===Can't Afford Treatments ''Determinants''===
'''Can't Afford Treatments''' Determinants can impact are a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Can.27t_Afford_Treatments_Insight Can't Afford Treatments Insight].
* Delaying medical care
* Not filling prescribtion because of cost
* Not beliveing the treatment cost is worth the value

===Competencies ''Determinants''===
'''Competencies''' Determinants can impact are a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Competencies_Insight Competencies Insight].
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activities_of_daily_living '''Activities of Daily Living (ADL’s)'''] or the ten variables in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barthel_scale '''Barthel scale''']
* Basic Life Activities or the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activities_of_daily_living '''Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs)'''] - Clean home or setting, drive, laundry, Prepare food and/or cook, Shopping (Food, Medicines, necessities, etc., Use Public Transportation,
* [[Education and Literacy Determinants|Literacy]] - ICD Codes
* Languages - Speaking & Reading
* Technology Usage - Smart Phone, Google, Online Patient Portals

===Education ''Determinants''===
'''Education''' Determinants can impact are a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Education_Insight Education Insight].
* [[Education and Literacy Determinants|Education]] - ICD Codes
* [[Educational Attainment]] - Completed levels of formal education,
* Vocational Training
* Certifications, Licenses or degrees (diplomas)

===Financial ''Determinants''===
'''Financial''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Financial_Insight Financial Insight].
* Credit Rating
* Bankruptcy Threat
* [[Economic Circumstances Determinants|Economic circumstances]] - ICD Codes
* [[Financial Concerns]]
* Financial Health - Income, Wealth, Patient Contributions Capabilities, Financial Constraints (Debt, family commitments)
* Financial History

===Food Insecurity ''Determinants''===
'''Food Insecurity''' Determinants can impact are a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Food_Insecurity_Insight Food Insecurity Insight].
* Missed Meals
* Low nutrition food due to cost
* Low nutrition food due to food desert

===Health Insurance ''Determinants''===
'''Health Insurance''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Health_Insurance_Insight Health Insurance Insight].
* Employer Health Insurance, Cobra, etc.
* Medicare, Medicaid, private plan
* Health Plan Terms - Deductibles, co-payments, provider network, etc.
* Potential eligibility for Medicaid, disability or other subsidized insurance program

===Income & Work ''Determinants''===
'''Income & Work''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Income_.26_Work_Insight Income & Work Insight].
* [[Employment Determinants|Employment challenges]] - ICD Codes
* Employment Flexibility - Sick Days/Leave Availability, Occupation
* [[Employment Level]] - ICD Codes
* [[Employment Status]] - ICD Codes
* [[Household Income]] - ICD Codes
* Income History
* Income Sources
* Income Stability - via employment, retirement or other
* Occupation
* [[Occupational Exposures Determinants|Occupational exposures]] - ICD Codes

===Legal ''Determinants''===
'''Legal''' Determinants can impact are a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Legal_Insight Legal Insight].
* Financial or Legal judgments
* Legal obligations
* [[Legal or Criminal Determinants|Legal or criminal]] - ICD Codes
* Legal Status - citizen status
* Pending Legal Challenges - criminal, civil, traffice violation, divorce decree, immigration, etc

==Environmental ''Determinants''==
'''Environmental''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Environmental_Insight Environmental Insight]. The top unmet basic needs that effect clinical outcomes are: housing, food, finances, transportation and literacy. (See: [http://www.health3-0.com/reimbursement/addressing-social-and-basic-needs/ ''Improving Clinical Outcomes By Addressing Social And Basic Needs''])

===Access & Logistics ''Determinants''===
'''Access & Logistics''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Access_.26_Logistics_Insight Access & Logistics Insight].
* Necessities Access (via delivery or going to the store) - Medicines, Food (via delivery or going to the store), Other
* Public Transportation, pedestrian and bike infrastructure to promote physical activity
* Unsafe pedestrian crossings increase risk of injury
* Transportation - Physician Offices, shopping, activities, Special Transportation Needs (Wheel Chair Vehicle)
* Clinical Services Access - Same day access to Physicians, Nights & Weekend Access to providers, Clinical Care in area, region (i.e., dialysis)

===Communication ''Determinants''===
'''Communication''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Communication_Insight Communication Insight].

The physical form of available communications.
* Phone
* Internet
* Text Messaging
* Mail
* Face-to-face
* Mobile Apps
* Through caregiver

===Community ''Determinants''===
'''Community''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Community_Insight Community Insight].
* [[Physical Environment Determinants|Physical environment]]
* Neighborhood - safe, places to walk, amenities within walking distance,
* Supportive Neighbors - friendly, quiet at night (able to get restful sleep), someone to check in nearby
* Amenities - proximity to groceries, pharmacy, parks, etc., density of liquor stores can increase use
* Proximity to child care, clinics and jobs
* Transportation Access
* Social events
* Food deserts - lack of fresh foods
* Clinical Care Services
* Air Quality - pollution may degrade indoor air quality and increase risk of asthma, heart disease and other illnesses
* Crime
* Noise - from roadways, industry and airports can degrade quality of sleep

===Home ''Determinants''===
'''Home''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Home_Insight Home Insight].
* [[Physical Environment Determinants|Physical environment]] - exposure to noise, air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, radiation, other pollution, inadequate drinking-water supply, tobacco smoke (passive smoking)
* [[Housing Circumstances Determinants|Housing circumstances]] - Homelessness, Inadequate housing (Lack of heating, Restriction of space, Technical defects), Discord with neighbors, lodgers and landlord, Problems related to living in residential institution (Boarding-school resident), problems related to housing and economic circumstances (Foreclosure on loan, Isolated dwelling, Problems with creditors)
* Housing Costs - affect ability to afford food and other essential basic needs
* Housing Structure - Old Carpet and mold can trigger asthma, Structural problems increase the risk of falls and burns, stairway design can promote exercise, safety amenities (banisters, smoke alarms, etc.), Accessibility (Wheel Chair accessible)
* Home Furnishing - Throw rugs (falls, recent hip replacements)
* Home - Environmental (Heat, Air conditioner, water, hot water)
* Exposure to firearms
* Exposure to opioids
* Household members - disruptive/supportive family member, Onsite Care Giver Support or from family members
* Living Arrangement - living alone, congregate living, etc.
* Private Facility - Apartment, House, Room, etc.
* Institution Facility (Supportive) - Facility type (Nursing home, senior living center, etc.), Onsite staff (match needs of patients), Onsite resources (food, outdoors, etc.), Accessible (Wheel Chair ramps), Safety (Safety Bathrooms, smoke alarms), Environmental (Heat, A/C, Mold),
* Temporary Housing - Homelessness, Homeless Shelters, friend or family members home, Halfway House (after recent prison term), Victim Shelters (domestic and sexual violence, disaster relief)

===Security ''Determinants''===
'''Security''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Security_Insight Security Insight].

===Technology & Apps ''Determinants''===
'''Technology & Apps''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Technology_.26_Apps_Insight Technology & Apps Insight].
* Apps - mobile, computer applications
* Durable Medical Equipment - Oxygen equipment, nebulizers, Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices, single and bi-level, manual and power wheelchairs, scooters, and walkers
* Home Technology - wifi, broadband internet, cable TV, phone
* Mobile - cell phone, cell phone service
* Passive Sensors (wifi enabled weight scale, blue tooth enabled blood pressure cuff)

==Content ''Determinants''==
'''Content''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Content_Insight Content Insight].

===Medical Records Determinants===
'''Medical Records''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Medical_Records_Insight Medical Records Insight].
* Comprehensive Medical Record - Ensure one location has combined medical records from multiple providers, such as a Primary Care Physician office.
* Accurate - Ensure the Medical Record ion accurate
* Preventitive Care - Ensure recommended Home Technology - wifi, broadband internet, cable TV, phone
* No Care Gaps - Ensure their are no open care gaps (i.e., diabetic, yet no hA1C test in past 6 months
* Diagnosis Codes (ICD-10 Codes)
* Physical and Mental Health Biomarkers - Blood Pressure, HbA1C blood test, cholesterol, Depression, Anxiety, etc.
* [[Symptoms]]
* [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Determinants#Functional_Conditions_Determinants Functional Conditions]
* Quality of Life Limitations - [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Determinants#Activity_Determinants Activity], [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Determinants#Socioeconomic_Determinants Socioeconomic] and [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Determinants#Social_Determinants Social]
* Advanced Directives
* Preferences - Authorizations, Living Will, etc.
* [[Medical Interventions]] and [[Non-Medical Interventions]]

===Health Determinants Records===
'''Health Determinants Records''' can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Health_Determinants_Records_Insight Health Determinants Records Insight].
* Methods of capturing Health Determinants
* Record of Health Determinants
* Patient Generated Data

===Health Interventions Records Determinants===
'''Health Interventions Records''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Health_Interventions_Records_Insight Health Interventions Records Insight].
* History of Interventions (Medical and Non-Medical)
* Current Health Interventions

===Health Outcomes Records Determinants===
'''Health Outcomes Records''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Health_Outcomes_Records_Insight Health Outcomes Records Insight].
* Health Outcomes tied to Health Determinants and Health Interventions
* Current Health Outcome Plans
* History of Health Outcomes
* Patient Reported Outcomes

==Care Management ''Determinants''==
'''Care Management''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Care_Management_Insight Care Management Insight].

===Health Mission & Care Goals ''Determinants''===
'''Health Mission & Care Goals''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Health_Mission_.26_Care_Goals_Insight Health Mission & Care Goals Insight].
* Patient's Health Mission
* Patient's Care Goals

===Health Strategies & Care Planning ''Determinants''===
'''Health Strategies & Care Planning''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Health_Strategy_.26_Care_Planning_Insight Health Strategy & Care Planning Insight].
* Medications - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypharmacy Polypharmacy] is patients on 4 or more medicines.
* Procedures and Surgery
* Therapies (Occupational Therapy, Speech, Physical Therapy)
* Activities - Nutrition, Education, quit smoking, etc,
* Performance Measures
** Recovery Plan - Effectiveness of recovery team, Effectiveness of Protocols for response and escalations, Appropriateness of Recovery Goals
** Medication efficacy (effectiveness, interactions, adverse events),
** Effectiveness of Treatments and Activities,

===Health Disciplines & Resources ''Determinants''===
'''Health Disciplines & Resources''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Health_Disciplines_.26_Resources_Insight Health Disciplines & Resources Insight].
* Clinical Providers - These are licensed professionals. Primary Care Physicians, Physician Assistants, Nurse Practitioners, Physician Specialists, Pharmacists, Therapists (Speech, Physical, Occupational), Behavior Health (Psychologist, Psychiatrist), Nurse (Care Manager), Dietitian, Education Providers (Clinical)
* Support (Social and Behavioral) Providers - Care givers (family or friend), Recovery Navigator (patient navigator), Recovery Coaches (included MSW Social Workers and Health Coaches), Education (Non-Clinical), Technical Support and technicians
* Community (Basic Needs) Resources - Financial Counseling, Meals Delivery (Meals on Wheels), Transportation Assistance, Programs (Smoking Cessation, Weight Loss, Alcoholics Anonymous), Delivery Services, Transportation Services, Other Services (handy man, plumber, etc.), Community Health Services (Community Health Centers, free flu shots, etc.), Convenient Care (Minute Clinics, 24 hour services)

===Care Management - Communications ''Determinants''===
'''Care Management Communications''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Care_Management_-_Communications_Insight Care Management - Communications Insight].
* Patient communication - Who? (with care team), How? (in-person, phone, email, text, apps) Frequency? (i.e., dailly, as-needed)
* Patient Inquiries - who? how? response time?
* Patient Status - Symptoms, Problem Lists, Concerns, Functional Status, risk factors, Quality of Life Opportunity
* Recovery Plan Activities - ensure activities are scheduled, treatments happen, prescriptions filled, Recovery Team performs function, Status of Surgeries, Procedures, Tests, Therapies, etc.
* Patient Adherence - Monitoring of Medication Adherence, activity levels, other patient behaviors, etc.
* Patient Activation - Understand condition, capable of treating self, etc.
* Recovery Factors Monitored - Clinical Condition - Physiological Metrics (i.e., Blood Pressure), Pain, Wounds, etc., functional conditions, etc.
* Monitoring Method - Daily Calls, Patient checks box or inputs data, Passive sensors (wifi enabled pill boxes or caps)

===Care Management - Operational ''Determinants''===
'''Care Management - Operational''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Care_Management_-_Operational_Insight Care Management - Operational Insight].
* Communication methods within care team - phone, text, portal, etc.
* Arranging diagnosis, second opinions, procedures, etc.
* Patient Navigation
* Triggers - Triggers Requiring Notifications - Patient Concern, Monitoring Alert (i.e., Medication adherence, blood pressure reading), Patient Dialog, Clinical Condition, Emergency, Transfer Event (i.e., Hospital to home)
* Notification - Who is notified based on each trigger (Patient, Care Giver, Recovery Navigator, Care Manager)? How are they notified (phone calls, text message, alerts)? When are they notified (time frame)?
* Associated Action - Who takes the action? What is the action? How do they take the action (phone calls, text message, alerts)? When do they take action (time frame)? Potential actions include: Patient triage, Conduct on-site assessment, Issue Escalation, Reassess Recovery Goals, Plan, Monitoring & Protocols, Achieve confirmation to change Recovery Goals, Plan, Monitoring and Protocols
* Escalation - What gets escalated? Who escalates it (nurse, patient)? Whom do they escalate to (doctor, nurse)? When do they escalate? How do they escalate?
* Protocol Monitoring - Who ensure notifications, actions and escalations are happening? How? When do they take action?

==Health Interventions ''Determinants''==
'''Health Interventions''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Health_Interventions_Insight Health Interventions Insight].
===Medical Interventions ''Determinants''===
'''Medical Interventions''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Medical_Interventions_Insight Medical Interventions Insight].
Healthcare treatments and services that are typically reimbursed by healthcare insurances like Medicare.
* Part A ([https://www.medicare.gov/your-medicare-costs/part-a-costs/part-a-costs.html hospital/facility interventions]),
* Part B ([https://www.medicare.gov/your-medicare-costs/part-b-costs/part-b-costs.html physician interventions]),
* Part C ([https://www.medicare.gov/sign-up-change-plans/medicare-health-plans/medicare-advantage-plans/medicare-advantage-plans.html Medicare Advantage Health Plans]),
* Part D ([https://www.medicare.gov/part-d/ medication interventions]).
Most health plans are based on Medicare fee schedules, so they typically reimburse for the same or similar services.

===Medical Interventions Outcomes ''Determinants''===
'''Medical Interventions Outcomes''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Medical_Interventions_Outcomes_Insight Medical Interventions Outcomes Insight].
* Testing - Clinical Consults, Lab, Imaging, ECG, etc.
* Qualified Option Development - diagnosis, progonosis and treatment options
* Medical Interventions
* Shared Decision Making - process helps to develop interventions based on care goals.

===Non-Medical Interventions ''Determinants''===
'''Non-Medical Interventions''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Non-Medical_Interventions_Insight Non-Medical Interventions Insight].
Healthcare treatments and services that are typically reimbursed by healthcare insurances like Medicare.
* [[Care Management Programs]] - team-based, patient focused programs designed to meet specific needs of patients based on the program's criteria.
* [[Health Services]] - a specific focused health services or capabilities designed to meet specific health needs of patients based on the services's criteria.
* [[Support Services]] - a specific focused support services or capabilities designed to meet specific needs of patients based on the services's criteria.
* [[Patient/Caregiver Interventions]] - activities or actions by patients and caregivers that will likely improve health, health outcomes and reduce overall cost.
* [[Health Insurance Payment Models]] - these are health insurance payment models design to improve patients outcomes, health and reduce cost
* [[Organization Interventions]] - employers, communities and governments interventions

===Non-Medical Interventions Outcomes ''Determinants''===
'''Non-Medical Interventions Outcomes''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Non-Medical_Interventions_Outcomes_Insight Non-Medical Interventions Outcomes Insight].
* [[Care Management Programs]] - team-based, patient focused programs designed to meet specific needs of patients based on the program's criteria.
* [[Health Services]] - a specific focused health services or capabilities designed to meet specific health needs of patients based on the services's criteria.
* [[Support Services]] - a specific focused support services or capabilities designed to meet specific needs of patients based on the services's criteria.
* [[Patient/Caregiver Interventions]] - activities or actions by patients and caregivers that will likely improve health, health outcomes and reduce overall cost.
* [[Health Insurance Payment Models]] - these are health insurance payment models design to improve patients outcomes, health and reduce cost
* [[Organization Interventions]] - employers, communities and governments interventions

==People ''Determinants''==
'''People''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#People_Insight People Insight].These are people that may support and/or influence the overall health.
===Family Members & Friends ''Determinants''===
'''Family Members & Friends''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Family_Members_.26_Friends_Insight Family Members & Friends Insight].
* Spouse or Signicant Other
* Parents
* Siblings
* Children
* In-Laws
* Step-Family
* Friends - List of Friends with their proximity

===Care Team & Resources ''Determinants''===
'''Care Team & Resources''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Care_Team_.26_Resources_Insight Care Team & Resources Insight].

Providers of resources. Medical or non-medical that could influence health outcomes
* Clinical Providers - These are licensed professionals.
** Primary Care Physicians
** Physician Specialists
** Advanced Practice Professional (APPs) - Physician Assistants, Nurse Practitioners,
** Pharmacists,
** Therapists - Physical Therapists (PT) / Occupational Therapists (OT) / Speech Therapists (ST)
** Behavior Health (Psychologist, Psychiatrist),
** Clinical Social Worker - Licensed Social Workers (LSW) or Medical Social Workers (MSW)
** Nurses (Care Manager) Registered Nurses (RN), Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN), Licensed Vocational Nurses (LVN)
** Dietitians
** Clinical Educators Providers
* Credentialed Support (Social and Behavioral) Providers - These are professionals that required some credentialing.
** Home Health - Certified Nursing Assistants (CNA) / Home Health Aides (HHA)
** Medical Assistants
** Behavioral Health
** Patient Navigator - Recovery Navigator
** Health Coaches - Recovery Coaches
** Social Workers
** Legal Counselors
** Home Health
* Non-Credentialed Providers
** Care givers (family or friend),
** Financial Counselors
** Community Health Workers
** Technical Support - Technical Support and technicians
* Community (Basic Needs) Resources
** Meals Delivery (Meals on Wheels),
** Transportation Assistance and Services
** Programs (Smoking Cessation,
** Weight Loss, Alcoholics Anonymous),
** Home Maintenance Services - handy man, plumber, etc.
** Community Health Centers - free flu shots, etc.
** Convenient Care (Minute Clinics, 24 hour services)

===Other Contributors ''Determinants''===
'''Other Contributors''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Insight#Other_Contributors_Insight Other Contributors Insight].
* Other Key Contributers
* Influencers - Work Supervisor, Teacher
* Volunteers
* Other Providers

==Communities ''Determinants''==
'''Communities''' Determinants can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. These are communities that may support and/or influence the overall health.
===Family===
===Industries===
* Retail Pharmacies
* Pharmaceutical
* Medical Devices

===Institutions===
* Government
* Healthcare
* Education
* Research
* Health Insurers

===Location===
* Neighborhood
* Town
===Organizations ===
* Employers
* Governments
* Hospital
* Medical Practices

Old Health Insight

2019-01-07T01:51:57Z

Admin: Created page with "Everyday there is new insight into our understanding of Health Determinants and barriers that impact patient outcomes. This page will curate new insight. While health..."

Everyday there is new insight into our understanding of [[Health Determinants]] and [[barriers]] that impact patient outcomes. This page will curate new insight. While health care is likely the most important determinant of health when a patient has an acute condition, studies show it represents only a part of an overall health outcomes:

[[Health Determinants Insight]]

==Health Conditions ''Insight''==
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Health_Conditions_Determinants Health Conditions Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and [http://www.patientwell-being.org/general/what-is-personal-well-being/ well-being].
===Physical Conditions ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Determinants#Physical_Conditions_Determinants Physical Conditions Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.
* [http://www.cbsnews.com/news/more-u-s-kids-have-chronic-health-problems-study The number of American kids suffering from asthma and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is on the increase, with poor children being hit the hardest (5/2/16)]
* [http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/press-releases/2016/jan/analysis-of-death-rates-for-middle-aged-whites A lack of progress since 1999 against common illnesses such as heart disease, diabetes, and respiratory disease was largely responsible for higher-than-expected death rates for middle-aged (45–54) white adults in 2014. (1/29/16)]
* [http://medcitynews.com/2015/07/study-on-aging/ Don’t judge a person on their chronological age; their biological age might be a lot older than you think, aging study says (7/7/15)]

Arthritis 
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2017/03/07/arthritis-afflicts-about-1-in-4-adults-in-the-u-s-cdc-report-finds/?utm_term=.360146a12c9d Arthritis afflicts about 1 in 4 adults in the U.S., CDC report finds. 60% of those with arthritis are between the ages of 18 and 64. (3/7/17)]

Asthma 
* [http://khn.org/news/stateline-states-asthma/ Nationwide, one in 10 children has asthma. (4/16/14)]

Cancer 
* [https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/03/no-cancer-isnt-mostly-bad-luck/521049/ Scientists don't agree 66% of cancer is due to bad luck (3/28/17)]
* [http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/03/23/521219318/cancer-is-partly-caused-by-bad-luck-study-finds Study: Causes of cancer, 66% from random mutations during cell division (bad luck), about 29% from environment and remaining 5% due to heredity. (3/23/17)]
* [http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-cancer-drop-20170105-story.html Death rate from cancer now 25% lower than it was 25 years ago, report says (1/5/17)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/cdc-brain-cancer-now-killing-more-children-than-leukemia.html CDC: Brain cancer now killing more children than leukemia (9/16/16)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/cancer-overtakes-heart-disease-as-leading-cause-of-death-in-22-states-3-things-to-know.html Cancer overtakes heart disease as leading cause of death in 22 states (8/25/16)]
* [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/01/150101142318.htm Study shows two-thirds of adult cancer incidence across tissues can be explained primarily by “bad luck,” when these random mutations occur in genes, while the remaining third are due to environmental factors and inherited genes. (1/1/15)]

Chronic Pain 
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/opioids/4-things-to-know-about-the-rising-rates-of-chronic-pain-in-the-us.html Number of Americans in their 60s reporting chronic pain increased from 10% in 1998 to 37% in 2010. (3/16/17)]
* [https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-analysis-shows-americans-are-pain Estimated 25.3 million adults (11.2%) had pain every day for the preceding 3 months. Nearly 40 million adults (17.6%) experience severe levels of pain. (8/11/15)]
* [http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2014/04/chronic-pain-effect-patients-families.html Chronic pain and the effect on patients’ families (4/17/14)]

COPD 
* [https://www.cdc.gov/copd/index.html Chronic lower respiratory disease, primarily COPD, is the third leading cause of death in the United States (3/12/15)]

Cystic Fibrosis 
* [https://www.statnews.com/2017/03/13/cystic-fibrosis-canadians-americans/ Canadians with cystic fibrosis outlive Americans by a decade (3/13/17)]
Diabetes 
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/quality/diabetes-more-deadly-than-previously-thought-researchers-say.html Diabetes causes 12 percent of deaths in the United States, making it the third-leading cause of death in the country, according to a new study (1/26/17)]
* [http://khn.org/news/health-claims-on-the-rise-for-kids-with-type-2-diabetes-obesity-related-conditions/amp/ Health Claims On The Rise For Kids’ With Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity-Related Conditions (1/2/17)]
* [http://khn.org/news/diabetes-linked-to-risk-of-mental-health-hospitalization-in-young-adults-study/amp/ Young people with diabetes were four times more likely to be hospitalized for mental health or substance use treatment in 2014 than were young adults without the disease (7/22/16)]
* [http://khn.org/news/as-childhood-diabetes-rates-rise-so-do-costs-and-families-feel-the-pinch-study/amp/ Childhood diabetes rates are on the rise. The spent $2,173 per capita in out-of-pocket health care costs in 2014. Nearly five times higher than that of kids without the illness. (6/20/16)]
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/healthcare/americans-diabetes-reach-21-million Americans with diabetes reach 21 million (4/15/14)]
* [http://www.latimes.com/science/la-sci-sn-diabetes-study-20150908-story.html About half of all Americans have either diabetes or pre-diabetes. (9/8/15)]

Heart Attack Risk 
* [https://khn.org/news/depression-among-heart-attack-survivors-can-be-deadly-yet-is-often-ignored/ Depression Among Heart Attack Survivors Can Be Deadly, Yet Is Often Ignored (7/20/17)]
* [http://www.wsj.com/articles/heart-attacks-are-linked-to-what-patients-were-doing-feeling-1477923373 Performing heavy physical activity in a highly emotional state sharply raised the risk of a heart attack. (10/31/16)]

High Blood Pressure 
* [http://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/facts.htm About 70 million American adults (29%) have high blood pressure—that’s 1 of every 3 adults. (6/16/16)]

Life Expectancies 
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/death-rates-for-americans-in-prime-years-rise-after-century-of-decline.html The death rate for Americans between the ages of 25 and 44 rose by 8% between 2010 and 2015 after a century of decline. (6/14/17)]
* [http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/03/23/521083335/the-forces-driving-middle-aged-white-peoples-deaths-of-despair The mortality rate for white Americans, ages 45 to 54, increased by a half percent each year from 1999 to 2013, attributed to increase in suicide, drugs and alcohol. (3/23/17)]
Non-Communicable Disease 
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/5-diseases-that-kill-16m-people-cost-the-world-economy-2-35t-annually.html Five non-communicable diseases that kill 16 million people around the world each year, cost the world economy $2.35T annually. 1) Cardiovascular disease, 2) Mental illness, 3) Cancer, 4) Chronic respiratory disease, 5) Diabetes. (2/28/17)]

Obesity 
* [https://khn.org/news/obesity-and-depression-are-entwined-yet-scientists-dont-know-why/amp/ Obesity And Depression Are Entwined, Yet Scientists Don’t Know Why (8/11/2017)]
* [http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/12/30/506433671/the-wrong-eating-habits-can-hurt-your-brain-not-just-your-waistline Being overweight can raise your blood pressure, cholesterol and risk for developing diabetes. It could be bad for your brain, too. (12/30/16)]
* [http://www.onemednews.com/2016/12/18/nyt-obesity/ Researchers say, is that obesity and its precursor — being overweight — are not one disease but instead, like cancer, are many. (12/12/16)]
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/12/01/nearly-half-of-americas-overweight-people-dont-realize-theyre-overweight/?utm_term=.2963e8177870 Nearly half of America’s overweight people don’t realize they’re overweight (12/1/16)]
* [http://khn.org/news/another-reason-to-diet-experts-find-additional-evidence-of-obesity-cancer-link/amp/ Experts Find Additional Evidence Of Obesity-Cancer Link (8/24/16)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/obesity-rates-up-in-us-women-stable-in-men.html Obesity rates up in US women, stable in men. Obesity was 35 percent among men and 40 percent among women in 2013-14 (6/7/16)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/american-health-by-the-numbers-15-points-from-cdc-s-2015-national-health-interview-survey.html American obesity rate continues consistent trend upward in 2015 with estimated 30.4% of Americans over 20 years of age obese, more than a 10% increase from 1997 (5/26/16)]
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/34/11/1923.abstract Severe Obesity In Adults Cost State Medicaid Programs Nearly $8 Billion In 2013 (11/2015)]

Sepsis 
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/quality/sepsis-causes-more-readmissions-than-copd-heart-failure-heart-attack-and-pneumonia.html Sepsis causes more hospital readmissions than COPD, heart failure, heart attack and pneumonia. (1/23/17)]

===Mental Health Conditions ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Determinants#Mental_Health_Conditions_Determinants Mental Health Conditions Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and [http://www.patientwell-being.org/general/what-is-personal-well-being/ well-being].

Childhood Disorders 
* [https://www.statnews.com/2017/06/01/disruptive-behavior-disorders-children/ Childhood disruptive behavior disorders increases risk for substance use, violent behaviors, victimization, incarceration, and even premature death. An estimated 50 to 75% of youths who move through the juvenile justice system could be diagnosed with a mental health disorder. (6/1/17)]

Depression 
* [https://khn.org/news/obesity-and-depression-are-entwined-yet-scientists-dont-know-why/amp/ Obesity And Depression Are Entwined, Yet Scientists Don’t Know Why (8/11/2017)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/who-depression-leading-cause-of-illness-disability-worldwide.html Depression is the leading cause of illness, disability worldwide according to the World Health Organization (3/31/17)]
* [http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2016/11/10/peds.2016-1878#T1 The prevalence of major depressive episodes (MDEs) in adolescents (age 12-17) has increased from 13.1% for girls and 4.5% for boys in 2005 to 17.3% for girls and 5.7% for boys in 2014 (11/2016)]

Dementia 
* [http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/07/16/536935957/stress-and-poverty-may-explain-high-rates-of-dementia-in-african-americans Stress And Poverty May Explain High Rates Of Dementia In African-Americans (7/16/17)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/cdc-alzheimer-s-deaths-up-by-more-than-50.html In 1999, the rate of Alzheimer's deaths was 16.5 per 100,000 individuals. By 2014, this rate had increased to 25.4 deaths per 100,000, marking a 54.5% increase. (5/26/17)]
* [http://www.alz.org/documents_custom/2017-facts-and-figures.pdf Estimated 5.5 million Americans of all ages are living with Alzheimer’s dementia in 2017. By 2025, Alzheimer’s dementia is estimated to reach 7.1 million. By 2050, the number of people with Alzheimer’s dementia may nearly triple to a projected 13.8 million, barring the development of medical breakthroughs to prevent or cure Alzheimer’s disease. (3/2017)]
* [http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2587084 Dementia prevalence among US adults 65 years or older declined significantly, from 11.6% in 2000 to 8.8% in 2012. (11/21/16)]
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/hospitals/10-alzheimer-s-patients-had-preventable-hospital-stays One in 10 Alzheimer’s patients have preventable hospital stays (7/27/16)]
* [http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/03/30/472295791/big-financial-costs-are-part-of-alzheimers-toll-on-families Big Financial Costs Are Part Of Alzheimer's Toll On Families (3/30/16)]
* [http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2016/02/10/study-finds-dementia-rates-decline/80016390/ Rates of dementia dropped 44% from the late 1970s to the early 2010s. (2/11/16)]
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/healthcare/how-dementia-drives-er-visits-admissions-and-mortality-rates How dementia drives ER visits, admissions and mortality rates (11/16/15)]
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/34/10/1642.abstract Dementia has a disproportionate impact on family and unpaid caregiving to older adults] (10/2015)
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/34/10/1637.abstract Adults with probable dementia received 171 hours of monthly informal care, versus 89 hours for cognitively impaired adults without dementia and 66 hours for cognitively normal adults 10/2015)]

Mental Health Disorders 
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/36/6/1024.abstract Social determinants of health, such as poverty and minority background, severely disadvantage many people with mental disorders. Innovative federal, state, and local programs have combined social services with mental health interventions to try addressing this. (6/2017)]
* [http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2016/07/25/patients-with-severe-schizophrenia-arent-getting-the-help-they-need/ Patients With Severe Schizophrenia Aren’t Getting The Help They Need (7/25/16)]
* [http://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/the-prevalence-and-treatment-of-mental-illness-today An estimated 26% of American adults live with a mental disorder in any given year, and 46% will have a mental disorder in their lifetime.] (11/2005)
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/7-statistics-on-current-costs-outcomes-for-mental-health-and-substance-abuse-disorders.html 18% of adults in the U.S. have a mental, behavioral or emotional disorder. Most common are specific phobias (8.7%), such as those related to heights, spiders or flying, social phobia (6.8%) and major depression (6.6%) (5/27/16)]

Mental Health Impact on Health Care 
* [http://www.businessinsurance.com/article/20170306/NEWS08/912312232/Detecting-mental-health-issues-can-cut-workers-comp-claims-costs Detecting mental health issues can cut workers comp claims costs. Hartford Financial Services Group analyzed its workers comp claim data from 2002 to 2015 and found that 10% of claims featured at least one psychosocial issue, and that those claims account for 60% of claims costs. (3/6/17)]
* [http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/blog/2016/nov/behavioral-health-high-need-adults High-need adults—defined as those with three or more chronic conditions and a functional limitation—who have a diagnosed behavioral health condition among their multiple chronic conditions make greater use of some health care services than their counterparts without a behavioral health condition (11/22/16)]
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/35/1/36.abstract Patients With High Mental Health Costs Incur Over 30 Percent More Costs Than Other High-Cost Patients (1/2016)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/quality/most-readmissions-aren-t-linked-to-suboptimal-care-study-finds.html A large number of 30-day readmissions are not caused by poor-quality care but are instead related to mental health, substance abuse or homelessness. (6/15/16)]

Opioid Addiction 
* [http://khn.org/news/patients-with-mental-disorders-get-half-of-all-opioid-prescriptions/ Patients With Mental Disorders Get Half Of All Opioid Prescriptions (6/26/17)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/opioids/ahrq-report-us-hospitals-see-sharp-rise-in-opioid-related-inpatient-stays-ed-visits.html Between 2005 and 2014, opioid-related emergency department visits nearly doubled and opioid-related inpatient stays increased 64% (6/20/17)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/opioids/cdc-likelihood-of-opioid-addiction-spikes-after-a-few-days-of-use.html CDC: Likelihood of chronic opioid use spikes with prescriptions longer than a few days (3/17/17)]
* [http://khn.org/news/study-health-spending-related-to-opioid-treatment-rose-more-than-1300-percent/amp/ Study: Health Spending Related To Opioid Treatment Rose More Than 1,300 Percent In Four Year Period (9/12/16)]
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/payer/prior-authorization-a-hurdle-for-patients-overcoming-opioid-dependency Insurer rules a hurdle for patients overcoming opioid dependency (8/5/16)]
* [http://khn.org/news/opioid-dependence-leads-to-tsunami-of-medical-services-study-finds/amp/ 3000% increase Opioid Dependence Leads To ‘Tsunami’ Of Medical Services, Study Finds (8/1/16)]
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/healthcare/opioid-ods-caused-100k-er-visits-2010 Prescription opioid overdoses prompted more than 100,000 emergency department (ED) visits in 2010 and cost hospitals more than $2 billion (11/13/14)]
* [http://thehealthcareblog.com/blog/2015/05/15/patient-centered-research-can-improve-chronic-pain-care-and-address-opioid-abuse/ Patient-Centered Research Can Improve Chronic Pain Care and Address Opioid Abuse (5/15/15)]

Stress 
* [http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress/2016/coping-with-change.pdf Americans reporting at least one symptom of stress over the past month rose from 71% in August 2016 to 80% in January 2017. This includes headache (34%), feeling overwhelmed (33%), feeling nervous or anxious (33%), or feeling depressed or sad (32%). (2/15/17)]
* [http://mashable.com/2017/01/12/chronic-stress-heart-attacks-study.amp Emotional stress has long been considered a major risk factor for heart disease. A new study suggests that heightened activity in the amygdala (the brain's fear and stress region) is associated with a greater risk of heart disease and stroke. (1/12/17)]
* [http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/09/27/494922257/chill-out-stress-can-override-benefits-of-healthy-eating Stress Can Override Benefits Of Healthful Eating (9/27/16)]

Substance Use Disorders 
* [https://www.technologyreview.com/s/603073/big-pharma-and-distracted-driving-are-killing-americans-early/amp/ Accidental poisoning increased 13%. 97% percent of accidental poisoning was from drug overdoses and alcohol (12/9/16)]
* [http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2587685 Nearly 21 million people in the United States have a substance use disorder, comparable with the number of people diagnosed with diabetes and 1.5 times the prevalence of all cancers combined. (11/17/16)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/share-of-us-employees-testing-positive-for-illicit-drug-reaches-10-year-peak.html 4% of all employee drug tests were positive for illicit drugs (i.e., marijuana, heroin,methamphetamines) in 2015, a 10-year peak. (9/15/16)]
* [http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-05/hfhs-med051514.php Most emergency department 'super-frequent users' have a substance abuse addiction (5/17/14)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/7-statistics-on-current-costs-outcomes-for-mental-health-and-substance-abuse-disorders.html Alcohol dependence or abuse (17 million) was the most commonly reported substance abuse disorder in 2014. 7.1 million reported having an illicit drug use disorder, 4.2 million reported a marijuana use disorder and 1.9 million reported having a pain reliever disorder. (5/27/16)]

Suicide 
* [https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/suicide-rates-for-teen-girls-hits-40-year-high.html Suicide rates for teen girls hits 40-year high (8/8/17)]
* [http://www.mobihealthnews.com/content/study-machine-learning-shows-promise-toward-accurately-identifying-suicidal-behavior Study found machine learning is 93% accurate in correctly identifying a suicidal person, and 85% accurate in determining differential diagnosis of mental illness (11/8/16)]
* [http://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2016/11/04/500659746/middle-school-suicides-reach-an-all-time-high Middle School Suicides Reach An All-Time High (11/4/16)]

Treating Mental Health 
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/early/2016/05/13/hlthaff.2015.1659.abstract Mental Disorders top the list of the most costly conditions in the United States: $201 Billion] (5/2016)

===Functional Conditions ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Determinants#Functional_Conditions_Determinants Functional Conditions Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and [http://www.patientwell-being.org/general/what-is-personal-well-being/ well-being].
* [http://hrsonline.isr.umich.edu/ Health and Retirement Study (HRS) surveys 20,000 people in America about income, work, assets, pension plans, health insurance, disability, physical health and functioning, cognitive functioning, and health care expenditures. (3/2007)]

Daily Activities Assistance 
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/american-health-by-the-numbers-15-points-from-cdc-s-2015-national-health-interview-survey.html An estimated 6.9% of adults in 2015 over the age of 65 required assistance with personal care. (5/26/16)]
* [http://www.forbes.com/sites/howardgleckman/2014/10/08/nearly-half-of-all-seniors-need-help-with-daily-activities-far-more-than-we-thought/ Nearly Half of All Seniors Need Help With Daily Activities, Far More Than We Thought] (10/8/14)

Disabilities 
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/36/4/626.abstract If all five risk factors were eliminated, 53% of disability could be prevented nationally if five risk factors were eliminated. The largest were smoking (17 percent), obesity (16 percent), and hypertension (12 percent). (4/2017)]
* [http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2014/11/18/challenges-for-people-with-disabilities-within-the-health-care-safety-net/ Challenges For People With Disabilities Within The Health Care Safety Net. Nearly 57 million Americans had disabilities in 2010. (11/18/14)]

Functional Independence 
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/healthcare/patients-functional-independence-may-predict-readmissions Patients' functional independence may predict readmissions (5/6/14)]

Healthcare Costs 
* [http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2016/aug/high-need-high-cost-patients-meps1 The average healthcare cost for adults in the United States (2009-2011) was $4,845, for adults with 3 or more chronic conditions and no functional limitations was $7,526, for adults with 3 or more chronic conditions and functional limitation was $21,021 (8/29/16)]

Homebound 
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26010119 An estimated 1.9 million U.S. adults age 65 or older are completely or mostly homebound, while another 5.3 million have functional limitations that make it hard to leave their homes. (7/2015)]
* Homebound - [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/34/1/21.abstract Approximately four million adults in the United States are homebound, and many of them cannot access office-based primary care.] (1/2015)
* [http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/q-and-a/2015/jan/invisible-homebound Treating the “Invisible Homebound”: Setting Standards for Health Care Provided at Home (1/30/15)]

Impairments 
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2017/03/07/arthritis-afflicts-about-1-in-4-adults-in-the-u-s-cdc-report-finds/?utm_term=.360146a12c9d Arthritis afflicts about 1 in 4 adults in the U.S., CDC report finds. 60% of those with arthritis are between the ages of 18 and 64. 44% of people with arthritis report activity limitations of everyday tasks, such as walking or lifting bags. (3/7/17)]
* [http://medcitynews.com/2015/09/hearing-loss-linked-to-increased-risk-of-death/ Adults ages 70 years or older with moderate or more severe hearing impairment have a 54% increased risk of all causes of death (9/25/15)]

Limitation in Usual Activities
* [https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_10/sr10_259.pdf About 39.7 million persons (12%) were limited in their usual activities due to one or more chronic health conditions (12/2013)]
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92521/ About 100 million adults in the United States were affected by chronic pain, including joint pain or arthritis limiting their functional status and adversely impacting their quality of life. The total financial cost of pain to society (health care and productivity estimates) ranges from $560 to $635 billion (2011 Study)]

Limitation in Work
* [https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2017/03/mortality-of-american-men-and-the-labor-force/520329/ 43% of men in America ages 25 to 54 who are out of the labor force report their health as fair or poor, compared with 12% of employed men and 16% of unemployed men. (3/22/17)]
* [https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_10/sr10_259.pdf About 13.8 million adults aged 18–69 (6%) were unable to work due to health problems, and 6.7 million (3%) were limited in the kind or amount of work they could do because of their health (12/2013)]

===Genomic Profiles ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Genomic_Profiles_Determinants Genomic Profiles Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and [http://www.patientwell-being.org/general/what-is-personal-well-being/ well-being].

* [https://www.ted.com/talks/moshe_szyf_how_early_life_experience_is_written_into_dna Epigenetics research suggests living things reprogram their genome in response to social factors like stress and lack of food. The biochemical signals passed from mothers to offspring tell the child what kind of world they're going to live in, changing the expression of genes. (7/2016)]
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3877678/ Scientists believe most, if not all, diseases arise from interactions between the genome, the epigenome (controls gene expression), and the environment (broadly defined to include social, behavioral, and physical agents). (5/2011)]

==Behavior ''Insight''==
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Behavior_Determinants Behavior Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and [http://www.patientwell-being.org/general/what-is-personal-well-being/ well-being].
===Activity ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Activity_Determinants Activity Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.
* [http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2015/07/17/behavior-change-in-the-era-of-health-reform/ Human behavior is a big opportunity to improve health (7/17/15)]

Lifestyle 
* [https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/abs/10.1377/hlthaff.2016.1569 The Population Health Benefits Of A Healthy Lifestyle: Life Expectancy Increased And Onset Of Disability Delayed (8/2017)]
* [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1605086#t=article A favorable lifestyle (defined as at least three of the four healthy lifestyle factors) was associated with a substantially lower risk of coronary events than an unfavorable lifestyle (defined as no or only one healthy lifestyle factor). Among participants at high genetic risk, a favorable lifestyle was associated with a 46% lower relative risk of coronary events than an unfavorable lifestyle. (12/15/16)]
* [http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(16)00043-4/abstract Study finds 2.7% of U.S. adults meet criteria for ‘healthy lifestyle’ (4/2016)]
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2515569/ Scientist assert Cancer is a Preventable Disease that Requires Major Lifestyle Changes. Only 5–10% of all cancer cases were attributed to genetic defects, whereas the remaining 90–95% is lifestyle factors including tobacco (25–30%), diet (30–35% - fried foods, red meat), infections (15–20%) the remaining alcohol, sun exposure, environmental pollutants, stress, obesity, and physical inactivity. (7/15/2008)]

Nutrition 
* [http://fortune.com/2017/07/17/artificial-sweeteners-weight-loss-study/ Artificial Sweeteners Won't Help You Lose Weight, According to a Sad but Important New Study (7/17/17)]
* [http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/early/2017/06/07/ajcn.117.154872.abstract?papeto The frequent consumption of fried potatoes appears to be associated with an increased mortality risk. (6/7/17)]
* [http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/05/22/528970924/pediatricians-advise-no-fruit-juice-until-kids-are-1 Pediatricians Advise No Fruit Juice Until Kids Are 1 (5/22/17)]
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/15/well/eat/red-meat-increases-risk-of-dying-from-8-diseases.html Red meat increase risk of dying from 8 diseases (5/15/17)]
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/26/well/diet-sodas-tied-to-dementia-and-stroke.html Diet soda tied to dementia and stroke (4/26/17)]
* [https://www.statnews.com/2017/01/26/soda-sugary-drinks/ The number of calories per day that children and adults have been getting from soda and other sugar-sweetened beverages has been dropping for steadily for nearly 20 years, but new data show that since 2009 that number has plateaued. (1/26/17)]
* [http://www.alzheimersanddementia.com/article/S1552-5260(17)30050-X/fulltext Excess sugar consumption has been linked with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in animal models. (1/24/17)]
* [http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2529628 Dietary Intake Among US Adults, 1999-2012 Improved. The American Heart Association (AHA) primary diet score (maximum of 50 points) improved from 19.0 to 21.2 (an improvement of 11.6%). (6/21/16)]
* [http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2016/03/more-than-half-of-what-americans-eat-is-ultra-processed/472791/ More Than Half of What Americans Eat Is 'Ultra-Processed'. And those foods account for 90 percent of U.S. added sugar intake, new research says.(3/10/16)]
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/34/11/1916.abstract Improvements In US Diet Helped Reduce Disease Burden And Lower Premature Deaths, 1999–2012; Overall Diet Remains Poor (11/2015)]
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/34/11/1940.abstract Foods with the largest positive associations with three-year excess weight gain (among children and adolescents) were fat spread (butter or margarine), coated (breaded or battered) poultry, potatoes cooked in oil (French fries, roasted potatoes, and potato chips), coated fish, processed meats, other meats, desserts and sweets, milk, and sugar-sweetened beverages (11/2015)]
* [http://now.tufts.edu/news-releases/sugary-drinks-linked-high-death-tolls-worldwide Consumption of sugary drinks may lead to an estimated 184,000 adult deaths each year (6/29/15)]
* [http://openheart.bmj.com/content/2/1/e000196.full US and UK governments dietary guidelines introduced in 1977 and 1983 to reduce coronary heart disease (CHD) by reducing fat intake didn't have studies to support it. (2/9/15)]

Physical Activity 
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2017/06/26/teenagers-are-as-sedentary-as-60-year-olds-by-age-19/?utm_term=.127016b508d0 Teenagers are as sedentary as 60-year-olds by age 19 (6/26/17)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/johns-hopkins-us-could-save-21b-in-healthcare-costs-if-kids-played-outside-every-day.html Johns Hopkins: US could save $21B in healthcare costs if kids played outside every day (5/15/17)]
* [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2017/05/06/kids-inactivity-rises-creating-health-care-time-bomb/101245982/ The percent of children aged six to 12 who were physically active three or more times a week had its biggest drop in five years and is now under 25% (5/6/17)]
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/03/well/move/childs-play-is-good-for-all-of-us.html If all of the children who currently are sedentary started exercising every day in the United States alone, we could expect to save more than $120 billion every year in health care and associated expenses. (5/3/17)]
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/36/5/902 Modeling The Economic And Health Impact Of Increasing Children’s Physical Activity In The United States (5/2017)]
* [http://mashable.com/2017/01/15/why-being-a-weekend-warrior-is-still-good-for-your-health/#EQ6NSxU86kqy Researchers found that the weekend warriors who met physical activity guidelines were less likely to die during the nine-year study period, compared with people who didn't get any exercise. A total of at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity over one or two days a week. (1/15/17)]
* [https://www.technologyreview.com/s/602706/pokemon-go-increased-us-activity-levels-by-144-billion-steps-in-just-30-days/ Pokemon Go Increased U.S. Activity Levels by 144 Billion Steps in Just 30 Days (10/21/16)]
* [http://mobile.nytimes.com/2016/09/28/well/move/after-just-10-days-of-rest-brain-benefits-of-exercise-diminish.html?_r=0&referer=http://khn.org/morning-breakout/first-edition-september-28-2016/ Brain Benefits of Exercise Diminish After Short Rest (9/28/16)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/cdc-more-than-a-quarter-of-adults-over-50-get-no-exercise-outside-of-daily-life-activities.html CDC: More than a quarter of adults over 50 get no exercise outside of daily life activities (9/20/16)]
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2016/07/27/study-suggests-new-formula-for-physical-activity-8-hours-of-sitting-means-1-hour-of-exercise/ Study suggests 1 hour of activity per 8 hours of sitting (7/27/16)]
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/sitting-can-be-bad-especially-if-you-do-it-for-more-than-10-hours-a-day/2016/07/22/43f7f228-4f77-11e6-aa14-e0c1087f7583_story.html Sitting can be bad, especially if you do it for more than 10 hours a day (7/24/16)]
* [https://medlineplus.gov/podcast/transcript071816.html Moderate exercise is associated with a reduced risk of 13 types of cancer (7/18/16)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/american-health-by-the-numbers-15-points-from-cdc-s-2015-national-health-interview-survey.html The percentage of adults over 18 who met the 2008 federal physical activity guidelines for aerobic activity increased from 41.4 percent in 2006 to 49.5 percent in 2012. That rate has remained stable through 2015. (5/26/16)]
* [https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-common-fund-launches-physical-activity-research-program NIH Common Fund launches physical activity research program to identify biological molecules that change in response to exercise (6/11/15)]
* [http://www.reuters.com/article/us-sedentary-television-mortality-idUSKBN0F65BW20140701 Too much TV tied to premature death (7/1/14)]

Sleep 
* [https://www.alz.org/aaic/releases_2017/AAIC17-Tues-Briefing-Sleep.asp Interrupted sleep may lead to Alzheimer’s. Research found significant associations between sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and the accumulation of biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. (7/18/18)]
* [http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/12/06/504448639/drivers-beware-crash-rate-spikes-with-every-hour-of-lost-sleep Drivers Beware: Crash Rate Spikes With Every Hour Of Lost Sleep (12/6/16)]
* [http://mashable.com/2016/11/30/sleep-deprivation-economic-cost.amp In United States, sleep deprivation costs up to $411 billion a year due to lower workforce productivity and higher risk of death (11/30/16)]
* [http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/08/24/432764792/snooze-alert-a-sleep-disorder-may-be-harming-your-body-and-brain Snooze Alert: A Sleep Disorder May Be Harming Your Body And Brain A Sleep Disorder May Be Harming Your Body And Brain. More than 50 million adults in the U.S. have a disorder such as insomnia, restless leg syndrome or sleep apnea. (8/24/15)]
* [http://articles.latimes.com/2013/aug/29/science/la-sci-sn-sleeping-pill-use-cdc-20130830 One in 25 American adults takes sleeping pills to help them fall asleep and stay asleep at night (8/29/13)]

===Adverse Behaviors ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Adverse_Behaviors_Determinants Adverse Behaviors Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.

* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/5-things-to-know-about-america-s-unhealthy-behaviors.html More than 70 percent of U.S. adults report at least one of the following unhealthy behaviors: smoking, excessive drinking, insufficient sleep, physical inactivity and obesity. (4/5/16)]
* [http://www.reuters.com/article/us-overweight-heart-uspstf-idUSKBN0GP1XA20140825 Overweight patients with risk factors for heart disease need "intensive behavioral counseling" about '''diet''' or '''exercise''', according to USPSTF. (8/25/14)]
* [https://georgevanantwerp.com/2013/12/30/8-risks-drive-15-conditions-and-80-of-healthcare-costs/ 8 Behavior Risks Drive 15 Conditions And 80% Of Healthcare Costs (12/30/13)]

Alcohol 
* [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-08-09/america-s-drinking-problem-is-much-worse-this-century The number of adults who binge drink at least once a week could be as high as 30 million, according to a study published on Wednesday in JAMA Psychiatry. (8/9/17)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/american-health-by-the-numbers-15-points-from-cdc-s-2015-national-health-interview-survey.html An estimated 32% of Americans had a minimum of one heavy drinking day in the last year. (5/26/16)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/7-statistics-on-current-costs-outcomes-for-mental-health-and-substance-abuse-disorders.html Alcohol dependence or abuse (17 million) was the most commonly reported substance abuse disorder in 2014. (5/27/16)]
* Alcohol Consumption - [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2014/09/25/think-you-drink-a-lot-this-chart-will-tell-you/ The top 10% of American drinkers consume, on average, 74 alcoholic drinks per week. (9/25/14)]

Falls 
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/healthcare/study-elderly-patients-treated-for-falls-may-be-more-likely-to-suffer-later-adverse Elderly patients treated for falls may be more likely to suffer later adverse events, study finds (7/12/17)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/among-the-elderly-an-epidemic-of-falling.html The national rate of deaths after falls among people 65 and over increased by more than 35 percent between 2005 and 2014. (9/21/16)]
* [http://www.cdc.gov/homeandrecreationalsafety/falls/adultfalls.html Over 700,000 patients a year are hospitalized because of a fall injury, most often because of a head injury or hip fracture.]
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3864987/ The use of 4 or more medications was associated with increased risk of falling and the risk of recurrent falls (9/27/13)]

Risky Behaviors 
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/29/health/car-accidents-child-deaths-seat-belts.html Car Accidents Remain a Top Child Killer, and Belts a Reliable Savior (5/29/17)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/study-finds-high-risk-behaviors-often-persist-even-after-cancer-diagnoses.html Study finds high-risk behaviors often persist after cancer diagnoses. 19.8% of women cancer survivors smoked, compared with 15.8% of women without cancer. No differences existed for fruit and vegetable consumption or body mass index. (9/6/16)]

Smoking 
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2017/01/10/smoking-costs-the-world-economy-1-trillion-per-year-world-health-organization-says/?utm_term=.378ab21f3e8c Smoking costs the world economy $1 trillion per year, World Health Organization says (1/10/17)]
* [https://directorsblog.nih.gov/2016/12/13/study-finds-no-safe-level-of-smoking/ New evidence shows there’s no safe amount of smoking. One cigarette a day, or even less than that, still poses significant risks to your health. (12/13/16)]
* [http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/11/10/501589893/cigarette-smoking-in-the-u-s-continues-to-fall Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says smoking rates have fallen from 21% of the adult population in 2005 to 15% in 2015 (11/10/16)]
* [http://www.sanger.ac.uk/news/view/smoking-pack-day-year-causes-150-mutations-lung-cells Smoking a pack a day for a year causes 150 mutations in lung cells (11/3/16)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/cigarettes-linked-to-nearly-30-of-cancer-deaths-6-things-to-know.html Cigarettes linked to nearly 30% of cancer deaths: 6 things to know (10/24/16)]
* [http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002020 A 10% relative drop in smoking in every state is predicted to be followed by an expected $63 billion reduction (in 2012 US dollars) in healthcare expenditure the next year. (5/10/16)]
* [https://www.boston.com/news/health/2016/05/24/kicking-habit-adult-smoking-rate-us-falling-fast CDC reports smoking rate among adults in the U.S. fell to 15% in 2015, down two percentage points from 2014. (5/24/16)]

Substance Use 
* [https://www.statnews.com/2017/04/19/opioid-addiction-relapse-science/ How drug use changes the brain — and makes relapse all too common (4/19/17)]
* [http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2587685 Nearly 21 million people in the United States have a substance use disorder, comparable with the number of people diagnosed with diabetes and 1.5 times the prevalence of all cancers combined. (11/17/16)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/share-of-us-employees-testing-positive-for-illicit-drug-reaches-10-year-peak.html 4% of all employee drug tests were positive for illicit drugs (i.e., marijuana, heroin, methamphetamines) in 2015, a 10-year peak. (9/15/16)]
* [http://khn.org/news/opioid-dependence-leads-to-tsunami-of-medical-services-study-finds/amp/ 3000% increase Opioid Dependence Leads To ‘Tsunami’ Of Medical Services, Study Finds (8/1/16)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/7-statistics-on-current-costs-outcomes-for-mental-health-and-substance-abuse-disorders.html In 2014 7.1 million reported having an illicit drug use disorder, 4.2 million reported a marijuana use disorder and 1.9 million reported having a pain reliever disorder. (5/27/16)]
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/healthcare/opioid-ods-caused-100k-er-visits-2010 Prescription opioid overdoses prompted more than 100,000 emergency department (ED) visits in 2010 and cost hospitals more than $2 billion (11/13/14)]
* [http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-05/hfhs-med051514.php Most emergency department 'super-frequent users' have a substance abuse addiction (5/17/14)]

===Self-Management Behavior ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Self-Management_Behavior_Determinants Self-Management Behavior Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.

Advanced Directives 
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/healthcare/1-3-u-s-adults-have-completed-advance-directive-study-finds 2 out of 3 adults fail to complete an advance directive (7/6/17)]
* [http://www.cbsnews.com/news/being-prepared-for-the-final-days/ Being prepared for the final days (4/27/14)]
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/healthcare/lack-advance-directives-leads-to-unwanted-care Lack of advance directives leads to unwanted care (11/2/14)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-physician-relationships/national-healthcare-decisions-day-11-statistics-on-end-of-life-decision-making.html Only 20% of Americans have an advanced directive documenting their wishes for end-of-life medical care. (4/16/15)]

Medication Adherence 
* [http://health.usnews.com/health-care/articles/2017-04-19/many-heart-attack-patients-fail-to-stick-with-statins Many Heart Attack Patients Fail to Stick With Statins (4/19/17)]
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2016/07/25/more-than-half-of-adults-misuse-medications-study-finds/ More than half of adults and 44% of children drug-tested by a national clinical laboratory last year misused their prescription medications, either taking too much, too little or none of their medications. 45 percent of adults were taking drugs (including illicit drugs) that were not prescribed. (7/25/16)]
* [http://www.mcolblog.com/kcblog/2016/7/12/factors-attributed-to-medication-non-adherence.html 30% of prescriptions are never filled. 69% of nonadherence is due to behavioral issues, such as forgetfulness or procrastination, 16% was due to cost, and 15% say it was medication side effects (7/12/16)]
* [http://www.imshealth.com/en/about-us/news/ims-health-study:-low-levels-of-adherence-and-persistence-remain-barriers-to-reducing-the-costs-of-diabetes-complications The U.S. could save $4 billion a year if more seniors with type 2 diabetes followed their doctor’s orders, according to a report by the IMS (7/12/16)]
* [http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijfm/2013/901845/ Study found that only 6.5% of patients (only 46 in study) adhered completely to the discharge medication list after average hospital stay of 4.3 days. The average patient age was 76, prescription medications was 10 and number of chronic diseases was 7. (2/24/13)]
* [http://medcitynews.com/2014/11/study-medication-adherence-prompts/ Study: Medication adherence improved with proper prompts (11/17/14)]
* [http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/11/15/when-the-patient-is-noncompliant/ When the patient is non-compliant (11/15/12)]
* [http://healthcare-economist.com/2015/05/31/patient-adherence-to-antipsychotic-medications/ About 40% of patients with schizophrenia are adhering to antipsychotic medications (5/31/15)]

Patient Activation Levels 
* [http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/in-the-literature/2016/mar/patient-self-management-capability In 2012, ED costs were 37% lower for those at highest activation level versus the lowest ($1,126 vs. $711). In 2014, the difference was 28% (3/8/16)]
* [http://hpr.weill.cornell.edu/divisions/biostatistics/pdf/Gerber-Research_Seminar_Talk-5-10-07.pdf Effect of the Patient Activation Measure (PAM) on Chronic Care: Baseline Findings from a Cluster Randomized Study (5/10/07)]
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/34/3/431 When Patient Activation Levels Change, Health Outcomes And Costs Change, Too (3/2015)]

Prevention 
* [http://www.ajc.com/news/local/study-finds-percent-sunscreens-don-even-work-how-find-one-that-does/ergzPOJyVv0nM7ZG88yBHK/ Study finds 73 percent of sunscreens don’t even work — how to find one that does (5/26/17)]

Preventive Screening and Vaccinations 
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/american-health-by-the-numbers-15-points-from-cdc-s-2015-national-health-interview-survey.html Percentages of adults who received an influenza vaccination in 2015 was 65.8% for adults aged 65 and over, 46% for ages 50 to 64 and 31.2% for those aged 18 to 49. (5/26/16)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/american-health-by-the-numbers-15-points-from-cdc-s-2015-national-health-interview-survey.html Percentage of adults over 65 years old vaccinated for pneumonia increased rapidly from 42.4% in 1997 to 53.1% in 2000. In 2015, the percentage rose to 63.5% (5/26/16)]

Self Management 
* [http://www.reuters.com/article/us-pressure-management-study-idUSKBN0GR2C220140827 Self management may reduce blood pressure (8/27/14)]

Treatment Delays 
* [http://go.americanwell.com/rs/335-QLG-882/images/American_Well_Telehealth_Index_2017_Consumer_Survey.pdf 67% of consumers say they have delayed seeking care for a health problem. They delay because: It costs too much (23%), It takes too long to get in to see a doctor or nurse (23%), They thought the problem would go away on its own (36%), They are too busy (13%) (1/2017)]

Weight Loss 
* [http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-fewer-americans-diet-20170308-story.html American adults either overweight or obese rose from about 53% a generation ago to roughly 66% more recently. 56% of overweight or obese adults reported in 1988 to 1994 they had tried to lose weight in the last year, it has declined to 49% in 2009 to 2014. (3/7/17)]

Wellness Programs
* [http://www.healthworkscollective.com/michaeldermer/279396/will-every-human-be-health-reward-program-when-it-comes-health-rewards-it-seems 74 percent of employers use health reward program (12/1/14)]
* [http://www.healthworkscollective.com/michaeldermer/193551/amount-reward-consumer-health-behavior What Size Reward Drives a Consumer to Take a Desired Health Behavior? (9/9/14)]
* [http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2014/11/25/workplace-wellness-produces-no-savings/ Workplace Wellness Produces No Savings (11/25/14)]

==Health Competencies ''Insight''==
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Health_Competencies_Determinants Health Competencies Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and [http://www.patientwell-being.org/general/what-is-personal-well-being/ well-being].

===Health Literacy ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Health_Literacy_Determinants Health Literacy Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.

* [http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2016/08/guide-surviving-chronic-disease.html A guide to surviving chronic disease (8/3/16)]
* Education - A [http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/06/26/us-cancer-cure-idUSBRE95P15320130626 survey] of patients with terminal lung cancer found nearly two-thirds did not understand that radiation treatments intended only to ease their symptoms would not cure their disease. (6/26/13)
* [http://www.imedicalapps.com/2014/09/knee-guide-app-educates-engages-patients-total-knee-arthroplasty-care/ My Knee Guide App Educates and Engages Patients in Total Knee Arthroplasty Care (9/25/14)]
* [http://medcitynews.com/2015/05/video-replay-patient-education/ Surgeon entrepreneur develops video replay for specialist appointments to boost patient education (5/28/15)]
* [https://health.gov/communication/literacy/issuebrief/ 77 Million Adults Have Basic or Below Basic Health Literacy (2003)]

===Self-Management Competencies ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Self-Management_Competencies_Determinants Self-Management Competencies Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.

Education 
* [http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2014/07/patients-need-education-role-care.html Patients need education about their role in care (7/3/14)]

Managing Chronic Conditions 
* [https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/402746/Assets/West%20Assets/West%20Chronic%20Disease%20Report_Final.pdf?t=1523547312917 39% patients admit they’re only somewhat knowledgeable, at best, about how to effectively manage their chronic condition. (7/2017)] from [http://www.jonespr.net/strengthening-chronic-care-download West] Study.
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/finance/study-addressing-alzheimer-s-risk-factors-could-lead-to-medicare-medicaid-savings.html Preventing and effectively managing obesity, diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease can reduce onset and duration of dementia and reduce healthcare costs. (4/11/14)]

Medication Adherence 
* [http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/07/12/536519077/took-the-wrong-medicine-by-mistake-study-finds-such-errors-are-on-the-rise More People Are Making Mistakes With Medicines At Home (7/12/17)]
* [http://www.reuters.com/article/us-medication-errors-health-literacy-idUSKBN0FN1SK20140718 More than half of heart patients made mistakes taking their medications or misunderstood instructions (7/18/14)]
* [http://www.bbc.com/news/health-30556329 Only 7% of asthma sufferers were found to use asthma inhalers in the right way (12/20/14)]

Physician Office Visits 
* [http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2017/03/can-help-doctor-diagnose.html How a patient can help their physician diagnose them. 3/19/17)]

==Social ''Insight''==
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Social_Determinants Social Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and [http://www.patientwell-being.org/general/what-is-personal-well-being/ well-being].
===Patient (About & History) ''Insight''===
[[Health Insight]]s into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Patient_.28About_.26_History.29_Determinants Patient (About & History) Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.
* [http://www.asco.org/about-asco/press-center/news-releases/large-study-finds-association-between-marriage-and-cancer Large Study Finds Association Between Marriage and Cancer Outcomes (9/23/13)]

Life Expectancy 
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/american-death-rate-rises-for-first-time-in-decade-7-things-to-know.html American death rate rises for first time in decade. Rises in death rates from: Alzheimer's disease, heart diseases, suicide and unintentional injuries (auto accidents and drug overdoses) (6/1/16)]
* [http://www.pnas.org/content/112/49/15078.full.pdf Rising morbidity and mortality in midlife among white non-Hispanic Americans in the 21st century (9/17/15)]

===Beliefs ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Beliefs_Determinants Beliefs Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.
* [http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/in-the-literature/2016/aug/improving-population-health-management Patients who don't feel they can manage their health or navigate the health care system are more likely to develop a chronic disease over a three-year period than “activated” patients with good self-management skills. Low patient-activation levels are linked to significantly more hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) use. (8/23/16)]

===Determination ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Determination_Determinants Determination Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.

===Resilience ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Resilience_Determinants_-_.28Psychological_Fitness.29 Resilience Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.

Adverse Childhood Events (ACEs) 
* [http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/29/444451363/childhood-stress-may-prime-pump-for-chronic-disease-later Childhood Stress May Prime Pump For Chronic Disease Later (9/29/15)]
* [http://www.ted.com/talks/nadine_burke_harris_how_childhood_trauma_affects_health_across_a_lifetime How childhood trauma affects health across a lifetime (9/2014)]
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/33/12/2106.abstract Adverse Childhood Events (ACEs) on attributed to higher rates of chronic disease among children (12/2014)]

Optimism 
* [http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/12/07/504709736/a-brighter-outlook-could-translate-to-a-longer-life A Brighter Outlook Could Translate To A Longer Life (12/7/16)]
Stress 
* [http://www.theatlantic.com/amp/article/490841/ Psychological resilience plays a role in the molecular impact of traumatic experiences. Promoting resilience may have benefits for physical and mental health (7/12/16)]
* [http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/10/stressful-jobs-makes-life-shorter/412951/ Study: Stressful Jobs Make Life Shorter. Researchers found that unhealthy workplaces can affect mortality. (10/29/15)]
* [http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2015/10/how-stress-makes-you-sick/412699/ How Stress Makes You Sick. Feeling overwhelmed affects everything from digestion to stroke risk. (10/28/15)]
* [http://www.nature.com/news/bacteria-implicated-in-stress-related-heart-attacks-1.15396 Emotional or physical stress can trigger heart attacks may now have a scientific explanation (6/10/14)]

===Responsibilities ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Responsibilities_Determinants Responsibilities Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.
* [http://mobile.reuters.com/article/idUSKCN0VO21Q Family caregivers may be sacrificing their own health to help loved ones (2/15/16)]
* [http://www.mhealthtalk.com/a-guide-for-the-older-caregiver/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=a-guide-for-the-older-caregiver A caregiving spouse who is between the ages of 66 and 96 and under excessive mental or emotional strain has a 63% greater risk of dying compared to those who are not tasked with caregiving. (1/17/14)]
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1282240/ Quality of life: impact of chronic illness on the partner (11/2001)]

===Social Well-Being ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Social_Well-Being_Determinants Social Well-Being Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.

Defining Well-Being 
* [http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2330497 Most medical research focuses on disease rather than wellness. The diverse and interconnected dimensions of physical, emotional and social well-being. It includes achieving physical vitality, mental alacrity, social satisfaction, a sense of accomplishment, and personal fulfillment. (7/14/15)]
* [http://voxeu.org/article/origins-happiness Depression and Anxiety explains the largest variance in life satisfaction. Study shows eliminating Depression and Anxiety would have 4 times the impact of eliminating poverty in improving life satisfaction. (12/12/16)]

Competence & Control 
* [http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2015/11/30/independence-its-what-older-people-want/ Independence—It’s What Older People Want (11/30/15)]

Loneliness 
* [http://fortune.com/2017/08/07/loneliness-public-health/ Why Loneliness Is a Public Health Threat. People with social connections had a 50% lower risk of dying early compared to people who did not have strong social circles. (8/7/17)]
* [http://khn.org/news/social-isolation-may-worsen-breast-cancer-prospects/amp/ Social Isolation May Worsen Breast Cancer Prospects. Women with fewer social ties — to friends, family, community and religious groups, as well as spouses or romantic partners — were 43% more likely to see their breast cancer return, 64% more likely to die from breast cancer and 69% more likely to die from any cause (12/13/16)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/patient-engagement/10-statistics-about-treating-patients-with-complex-needs.html In a survey of high-need patients (2 or more major chronic conditions like heart failure, stroke or diabetes requiring insulin, among other factors) 37% felt socially isolated and lacked companionship compared to 15% of other adults. (12/9/12)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/loneliness-a-bigger-risk-factor-for-death-than-obesity.html Loneliness a bigger risk factor for death than obesity (9/6/16)]
* [http://www.nsf.gov/discoveries/disc_summ.jsp?cntn_id=137534&WT.mc_id=USNSF_51&WT.mc_ev=click The profound power of loneliness can depression and other serious health problems (2/3/16)]
* [http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2015/12/loneliness-social-isolation-and-health/418395/ How Loneliness Wears on the Body. New research supports the idea that social isolation is detrimental to physical health—and that companionship may improve it. (12/3/15)]
* [http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/11/29/457255876/loneliness-may-warp-our-genes-and-our-immune-systems Loneliness May Warp Our Genes, And Our Immune Systems (11/29/15)]
* [http://time.com/3747784/loneliness-mortality/ Loneliness increases risk of death by 26%. Social isolation — or lacking social connection — and living alone were found to be even more devastating to a person’s health than feeling lonely, respectively increasing mortality risk by 29% and 32% (3/18/15)]
* [http://www.pnas.org/content/110/15/5797.full Social isolation and loneliness are associated with increased mortality (9/12/12)]

Love & Connection 
* [http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/05/isolation-and-death/362063/ Stressful relationships might be significantly shortening your life, are you better off alone? (5/13/14)]

Purpose & Meaning 
* [http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/05/28/479751942/could-thinking-positively-about-aging-be-the-secret-of-health People with a sense of purpose and having positive view about aging in late middle age lived about 7 and half years longer than the people who saw aging in a negative light. (5/28/16)]

Social Influence 
* [http://content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1646997,00.html If a friend is obese, there is a 57% greater chance of becoming obese. (7/25/07)]

Social Via Smartphones 
* [https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/08/07/542016165/how-smartphones-are-making-kids-unhappy How Smartphones Are Making Kids Unhappy. Today's teens are just not spending as much time with their friends in person, face-to-face, where they can really read each others' emotions and get that social support. (8/7/17)]

===Support ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Support_Determinants Support Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.
* [http://khn.org/news/alone-and-aging-creating-a-safety-net-for-isolated-seniors/amp/ A growing number of seniors who find themselves alone just when aging and end-of-life care becomes real. They don’t know how to approach a casual acquaintance to ask for help when they need it most. (11/28/16)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/healthcare-blog/population-health-means-asking-about-basic-needs-are-your-providers-ready-for-that.html Population Health Means Asking About Basic Needs: Are Your Providers Ready for That? (11/20/13)]
* [http://khn.org/news/lots-of-responsibility-for-in-home-care-providers-but-no-training-required/ Lots Of Responsibility For In-Home Care Providers — But No Training Required (1/6/15)]

Addressing Social Determinants
* [http://kff.org/disparities-policy/issue-brief/beyond-health-care-the-role-of-social-determinants-in-promoting-health-and-health-equity/ Improving population health will require broader approaches that address social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health. (11/4/15)]
* [http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2015/07/21/with-the-aca-secure-its-time-to-focus-on-social-determinants/ Literature reveals that the vast majority of premature mortality and morbidity is attributable to social, behavioral, and environmental factors. It’s Time To Focus On Social Determinants. (7/21/15)]
* [http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2015/05/why-its-time-to-improve-the-social-determinants-of-health.html Why it’s time to improve the social determinants of health (5/1/15)]
* [https://www.icsi.org/_asset/w6zn9x/solvcomplexproblems.pdf Going Beyond Clinical Walls to address the other 80% of determinants that are often challenging to address in clinical visits. (10/2014)]
* [http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/fund-reports/2014/may/addressing-patients-social-needs Addressing Patients' Social Needs: An Emerging Business Case for Provider Investment (5/29/14)]

Caregiver 
* [https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20170807.061390/full/ More than a million youngsters ages 8–18 are caregivers taking on challenging tasks to help a parent, grandparent, sibling, or other relative. (8/7//17)]
* [http://www.mobihealthnews.com/content/survey-70-percent-caregivers-say-tech-plays-no-role-or-minor-role-their-work Survey: 70 percent of caregivers say tech plays no role or a minor role in their work (6/27/17)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/patient-engagement/new-pennsylvania-law-requires-hospitals-to-educate-caregivers-upon-patient-discharge.html New Pennsylvania law requires hospitals to educate caregivers upon patient discharge (4/27/17)]
* [http://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/research/surveys_statistics/ltc/2016/family-caregiving-cost-survey-res-ltc.pdf Study: Many Caregivers Spend $7K Annually Out Of Pocket, which is 20% of their income (11/14/16)]
* [https://www.fastcompany.com/3065403/the-future-of-work/the-hidden-caregiving-crisis-that-the-election-wont-solve The number of U.S. workers struggling to care for ill or aging loved ones is growing fast. But the support they need isn't. (11/8/16)]
* [http://khn.org/news/study-elderlys-family-caregivers-need-help-too/amp/ Elderly Americans’ well-being is at risk unless the U.S. does much more to help millions of family caregivers who sacrifice their own health, finances and personal lives to look out for loved ones (9/14/16)]
* [http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/blogs/stateline/2015/6/22/in-some-states-a-new-focus-on-family-caregivers In Some States, a New Focus on Family Caregivers. Nearly half of family caregivers administer multiple medications, treat wounds or operate specialized medical equipment. (6/22/16)]
* [http://khn.org/news/who-are-americas-caregivers-nearly-a-quarter-are-millennials/ Who Are The 40 Million American Caregivers? Nearly A Quarter Are Millennials (12/3/15)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/human-capital-and-risk/15-things-to-know-about-caregivers.html 15 things to know about caregivers (11/3/15)]
* [http://mobihealthnews.com/48054/new-council-will-guide-family-caregivers-to-available-tools/ New council will guide family caregivers to available tools (10/28/15)]
* [http://www.mhealthtalk.com/caregiver-frustration/ Nearly one-third struggle in their caregiving role and want tools to help them and their family members. 64% feel stressed and overwhelmed; nearly half struggle with balancing personal needs and caregiving. (10/24/15)]
* [http://khn.org/news/dementia-also-takes-toll-on-unpaid-caregivers-study-shows/ Unpaid caregivers and family members spend more than 100 hours a month, on average, assisting elderly people with dementia (10/16/2015)]
* [http://www.usnews.com/news/us/articles/2015/07/14/ap-norc-poll-many-californians-unaware-of-caregiver-program Many Californians unaware of caregiver program for low-income seniors, disabled (7/14/15)]
* [http://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/ppi/2015/valuing-the-invaluable-2015-update-undeniable-progress.pdf In 2013, about 40 million family caregivers in the US provided an estimated 37 billion hours of care to an adult with limitations in daily activities. The estimated economic value of their unpaid contributions was approximately $470 billion in 2013. (7/2015)]
* [http://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/ppi/2015/caregiving-in-the-united-states-2015-report-revised.pdf An estimated 43.5 million adults in the United States have provided unpaid care to an adult or a child in the 12 months period in 2014 and 2015. (6/2015)]
* [http://medcitynews.com/2015/04/care-caregiver/ How Do We Care for the Caregiver (4/23/15)]
* [https://www.caring.com/about/news-room/costs-of-caregiving-2014 Nearly Half of Family Caregivers Spend Over $5,000 Per Year on Caregiving Costs (9/15/14)]

Managing Chronic Conditions 
* [https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/402746/Assets/West%20Assets/West%20Chronic%20Disease%20Report_Final.pdf?t=1523547312917 70 percent of patients with a chronic condition would like more resources or clarity on how to manage their disease, and 91 percent say they need help managing their disease. (7/2017)]

Transportation 
* [https://morningconsult.com/opinions/importance-nonemergency-medical-transportation-vulnerable-patients/ The Importance of Nonemergency Medical Transportation for Vulnerable Patients. One patient has to take two bus rides and walk a mile just to get herself and two young children to the doctor. (1/25/17)]
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/antifraud/fierce-exclusive-beneath-patient-transportation-arrangements-a-subtle-layer-fraud Unreliable or inaccessible transportation has emerged as a significant patient care issue. Legal experts say healthcare systems providing rides to patients raises concerns that they could be violating the Anti-Kickback Statute or providing a beneficiary inducement. (8/31/16)]

==Socioeconomic ''Insight''==
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Socioeconomic_Determinants Socioeconomic Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and [http://www.patientwell-being.org/general/what-is-personal-well-being/ well-being].

===Can't Afford Treatments ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Can.27t_Afford_Treatments_Determinants Can't Afford Treatments Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.

Delay Medical Care 
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/finance/study-half-of-millennials-have-delayed-medical-care-because-of-cost.html Half of millennials have delayed medical care because of cost (1/1/16)]
* [http://www.gallup.com/poll/187190/cost-delays-healthcare-one-three.aspx 31% Americans say that they or a family member have put off any sort of medical treatment in the past year because of the cost (11/30/15)]

Reduce Medical Care 
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/finance/survey-half-of-aca-exchange-customers-skimp-on-healthcare-to-reduce-costs.html Half of ACA exchange customers skimp on healthcare to reduce costs (10/28/16)]

Skip Medical Care 
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/finance/survey-1-in-3-older-millennials-skips-medical-care-because-of-costs.html Survey: 1 in 3 older millennials skips medical care because of costs (6/8/17)]
* [http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/press-releases/2016/nov/international-survey-release About one-third (33%) of U.S. adults went without recommended care, did not see a doctor when sick, or failed to fill prescriptions because of cost. (11/16/16)]
* [http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1872780 Financial Barriers to Care Among Low-Income Children With Asthma (7/2014)]* [http://money.cnn.com/2013/04/26/news/economy/health-care-cost/ 80 million people (43% of America's working-age adults) didn't go to the doctor or access other medical services last year because of the cost (4/26/13)]

===Competencies ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Competencies_Determinants Competencies Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.
Literacy 
* [http://www.georgiahealthnews.com/2016/10/health-literacy-life-or-death-matter/ Health literacy can be a life-or-death matter. 1 out of 3 adult Georgians is functionally illiterate. Without a clear understanding of their health condition, these adults are more likely to skip necessary medical tests and have a harder time with diabetes management or high blood pressure numbers. (10/31/16)]

===Education ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Education_Determinants Education Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.

===Financial ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Financial_Determinants Financial Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.

Annual Healthcare Cost 
* [http://www.forbes.com/sites/danmunro/2016/05/24/annual-healthcare-cost-for-family-of-four-now-at-25826/#33aa77f75226 Healthcare Costs in 2016 for a Family of Four Will Be $25,826 (5/24/16)]
* [http://www.forbes.com/sites/danmunro/2015/05/19/annual-healthcare-cost-for-family-of-four-now-at-24671/#29d013444dfb Annual Healthcare Cost For Family Of Four Now At $24,671 (5/19/15)]

Fear of Healthcare Costs
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/finance/53-of-americans-equate-unaffordable-medical-bills-to-being-diagnosed-with-a-serious-illness.html 53% of Americans believe receiving a large, unaffordable medical bill is as bad as being diagnosed with a serious illness (3/21/17)]
* [http://www.healthpopuli.com/2017/02/08/health-care-worries-top-terrorism-far-americans-minds/ Health Care Worries Top Terrorism, By Far, In Americans’ Minds (2/8/17)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/finance/healthcare-finances-a-source-of-fear-for-75-of-consumers.html Healthcare finances a source of fear for 75% of consumers (2/7/17)]
* [http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20141006006149/en/Cigna-Consumer-Survey-%E2%80%98Health-Costs-Derail-Financial#.VDg8PvldXng 75% fear health costs could ruin prospects for secure retirement (10/6/14)]

Financial Stress 
* [http://www.healthpopuli.com/2017/04/26/financial-stress-health-risk-factor-impacts-americans/ Financial Stress As A Health Risk Factor Impacts More Americans (4/26/17)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/patient-engagement/10-statistics-about-treating-patients-with-complex-needs.html In a survey of high-need patients (2 or more major chronic conditions like heart failure, stroke or diabetes requiring insulin, among other factors), 62% of high-need said they experience stress about their ability to afford housing, utilities or nutritious meals compared to 32% of other adults. (12/9/16)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/finance/medical-bills-lead-to-serious-debt-for-some-americans-6-things-to-know.html 85% of employees in survey in 2015 reported at least some level of financial stress. 33% were assessed as having serious debt, such as student debt, medical bills and/or credit card debt. (7/20/16)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/finance/federal-reserve-board-47-of-americans-struggle-to-pay-unexpected-400-bill.html 47% of Americans struggle to pay unexpected $400 bill (6/8/16)]
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/35/1/54.abstract For Working-Age Cancer Survivors, Medical Debt And Bankruptcy Create Financial Hardships (1/2016)]
* [http://www.pwc.com/us/en/private-company-services/publications/financial-well-being-retirement-survey.html Survey shows 52% of employees stressed about their finances. 45% saying that financial matters cause the most stress, nearly as many as stress from job, health, or relationships combined. (2016 Employee Financial Wellness Survey)]
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/healthcare/more-americans-struggle-healthcare-costs 46% of Americas described paying for care as a hardship rather than affordable (12/19/14)]

Health Inequality 
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/06/05/america-is-a-world-leader-in-health-inequality/?utm_term=.7c7983e42f5c People in households making less than $22,500 a year, 38% reported being in poor or fair health. That's more than three times the rate of health troubles faced by individuals in households making more than $47,700 a year. (6/5/17)]
* [http://www.hhnmag.com/articles/7416-look-to-income-inequality-to-help-explain-population-health Having less money is linked to poorer health regardless of personal habits. (7/5/16)]
* [https://www.brookings.edu/research/what-growing-life-expectancy-gaps-mean-for-the-promise-of-social-security/ Life expectancy is higher for the wealthiest. Among American men born in 1940, the wealthiest 10% are expected to live on average 12 years longer than the poorest 10%. (2/12/16)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/costs-deter-low-income-patients-from-participating-in-clinical-trials.html Costs deter low-income patients from participating in clinical trials (11/3/15)]
* [http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/06/health/even-small-medical-advances-can-mean-big-jumps-in-bills.html?from=homepage&_r=0 New innovative treatments and technology is often out of the reach of low income patients. (4/5/14)]

Medical Bills 
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/finance/half-of-uninsured-people-face-problems-with-their-medical-bills-9-survey-findings.html Half of uninsured people face problems with their medical bills (8/23/16)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/finance/61-of-patients-confused-by-medical-bills-survey-finds.html 61% of patients confused by medical bills, survey finds (7/14/16)]
* [http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cdc-one-in-five-americans-cant-pay-medical-bills/ CDC: One in five Americans can't pay medical bills (9/30/13)]

Prescription Drugs 
* [http://khn.org/news/sticker-shock-forces-thousands-of-cancer-patients-to-skip-drugs-skimp-on-treatment/amp/ Sticker Shock Forces Thousands Of Cancer Patients To Skip Drugs, Skimp On Treatment (3/15/17)]
* [http://khn.org/news/faced-with-unaffordable-drug-prices-tens-of-millions-buy-medicine-outside-u-s/ Faced With Unaffordable Drug Prices, Tens Of Millions Buy Medicine Outside U.S. (12/20/16)]

Price Shopping for Medical Services 
* [http://www.marketwired.com/press-release/survey-finds-healthcare-providers-benefit-from-up-front-cost-estimates-yet-many-patients-nyse-tru-2192070.htm Survey found 43% said it was somewhat or very difficult to get information on costs, while another 21% of patients had never tried to get procedure cost information. (1/31/17)]
* [http://khn.org/news/consumer-choices-have-limited-impact-on-u-s-health-care-spending-study/ Less than 7% of total health care spending in 2011 was paid by consumers for “shoppable” services. (3/4/16)]

===Food Insecurity ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Food_Insecurity_Determinants Food Insecurity Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.
* [http://www.hpoe.org/resources/ahahret-guides/3058 Social Determinants of Health Series: Food Insecurity(8/3/17)]
* [http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/pop.2015.0127 Study of food insecurity in patients with high rates of inpatient hospitalization (“super-utilizers”). Forty adults with ≥3 hospital inpatient admissions within a 12-month period were interviewed. Using USDA definition of food insecurity, 30% were food insecure and 25% were marginally food secure. 40% responded that, in the past 30 days, they worried that their food would run out; 17.5% that they did not eat for a full day. 75% were unable to shop for food on their own and 58% were unable to prepare their own food. (12/1/16)]
* [http://www.feedingamerica.org/hunger-in-america/impact-of-hunger/hunger-and-poverty/hunger-and-poverty-fact-sheet.html 42.2 million Americans lived in food insecure households in 2015 (29.1 million adults and 13.1 million children). (2016)]
* [http://pdf.aarpfoundation.org/i/455086-aarp-foundation-findings-on-nutrition-knowledge-and-food-insecurity-among-older-adults Nearly 9 million older adults in the United States experience food insecurity. (12/2015)]
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/34/11/1949.abstract Transitions Into Food Insecurity Associated With Behavioral Problems And Worse Overall Health Among Children (11/2015)]
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/34/11/1830.abstract Almost fifty million people are food insecure in the United States, which makes food insecurity one of the nation’s leading health and nutrition issues. (11/2015)]
* [http://khn.org/news/in-sunlit-paradise-seniors-go-hungry/ In Sunlit Paradise, Seniors Go Hungry (5/26/15)]
* [http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2015/03/food-insecurity-undiagnosed-medical-problem.html Food insecurity is an undiagnosed medical problem (3/6/15)]
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/33/1/116.abstract Exhaustion Of Food Budgets At Month’s End And Hospital Admissions For Hypoglycemia (1/2014)]

===Health Insurance ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Health_Insurance_Determinants Health Insurance Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/08/upshot/a-medicare-drug-incentive-that-leads-to-greater-hospitalizations.html For sicker Medicare beneficiaries, increased Medicare hospital spending exceeded any savings from reduced drug prescriptions and doctor’s visits (5/8/17)]
* [http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/09/16/494139538/studies-link-cancer-patients-survival-time-to-insurance-status Studies Link Cancer Patients' Survival Time To Insurance Status (9/16/16)]
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/35/6/958.abstract?=right Insurance is paying for more of the cost of treating mental health conditions (68%) but not for Substance Use Disorders (46%) (6/2016)]
* [http://khn.org/news/new-health-plans-offer-discounts-for-diabetes-care/ New health plans offer discounts and give gift cards to encourage patients to use diabetes care (11/17/15)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/payer-issues/aca-health-plans-limit-access-to-specialists-7-findings.html ACA health plans limit access to specialists: 7 findings (10/28/15)]
* [http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2015/09/21/insurance-healthy-behavior-key-reducing-cost-chronic-disease/72563266/ Study showed total cost for insured members with no chronic conditions was $3,024 a year ($2,204 out-of-pocket) and members with two or more chronic conditions was $11,940 a year ($3,500 out-of-pocket). (9/21/15)]
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/healthcare/why-doctors-must-discuss-costly-treatment-before-patients-receive-bills Why doctors must discuss costly treatment before patients receive bills (10/18/13)]

Denied Coverage 
* [https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/practices/many-patients-chronic-illnesses-find-insurance-providers-deny-treatment-new-survey-says 'Hidden' crisis: Many patients with chronic illnesses find insurance providers deny treatment, new survey says (8/16/17)]
Dual Eligible Patients (Qualify for Medicare and Medicaid) 
* [http://files.kff.org/attachment/Testimony-of-Gretchen-Jacobson-Ways-and-Means-Committee-Subcommittee-on-Health Low-income people on Medicare who receive assistance from Medicaid tend to have more chronic conditions, as well as cognitive and functional limitations, than others on Medicare: 61% vs. 33% need assistance with one or more activities of daily living, such as eating, bathing, and dressing; more than half, 58% vs. 29% have a mental condition or cognitive impairment; 37% vs. 27% have five or more chronic conditions; 18% vs 6% rate their health status as poor. (6/7/17)]

Employer Sponsored Health Insurance 
* [http://www.commonwealthfund.org/interactives-and-data/maps-and-data/employer-health-insurance-premiums State-by-State Look at Employer Health Insurance Costs Finds Workers’ Premium Contributions and Deductibles Growing More Slowly But Eating Up Greater Share of Incomes (10/26/16)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/payer-issues/employer-family-plan-premiums-soar-above-18k-in-2016.html Employer family health plan premiums soar above $18k in 2016 (9/14/16)]

High Deductable Health Plans (HDHPs) 
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/finance/10-things-to-know-about-2016-healthcare-consumer-payment-trends.html Consumers insured through high-deductible health plans increased from 10 million in 2010 to 75 million in 2016. The average deductible for individuals with employer-based coverage doubled from $735 in 2010 to $1,478 in 2016. Patient payments to providers increased 58% from 2013 to 2016. (6/13/17)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/payer-issues/cdc-nearly-40-of-us-adults-have-high-deductible-health-plans.html CDC: Nearly 40% of US adults have high-deductible health plans (6/7/17)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/finance/patients-with-chronic-illness-and-high-deductibles-more-likely-to-delay-care-study-finds.html Patients with chronic illness and high deductibles more likely to delay care, study finds. People with three or more chronic conditions were also nearly three times as likely to delay or avoid care as those without chronic conditions (25% compared to 9%) (11/23/16)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/finance/given-the-choice-34-of-employees-choose-hdhps.html Given the choice, 34% of employees choose HDHPs (5/3/16)]
* [http://healthaffairs.org/healthpolicybriefs/brief_pdfs/healthpolicybrief_152.pdf Nearly one-quarter of workers are enrolled in an High Deductable Health Plan, up from 4% in 2006. (2/4/16)]

Medicaid 
* [https://healthpayerintelligence.com/news/spike-in-late-stage-cancer-diagnosis-related-to-medicaid-cut Spike in Late Stage Cancer Diagnosis Related to Medicaid Cut (7/5/17)]

Medicare Beneficiaries 
* [http://www.kff.org/medicare/issue-brief/income-and-assets-of-medicare-beneficiaries-2016-2035/ Half of all Medicare beneficiaries had incomes below $26,200 in 2016 (4/21/17)]
Patient Out-of-Pocket Cost 
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/finance/medicare-cancer-patients-without-additional-coverage-hit-with-high-out-of-pocket-costs-4-things-to-know.html Medicare cancer patients without additional coverage hit with high out-of-pocket costs (11/28/16)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/finance/patient-payment-responsibility-spiked-13-in-2015.html Patient payment responsibility spiked 13% in 2015 (6/28/16)]
* [http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2016/may/on-medicare-but-at-risk 16 percent of Medicare beneficiaries (8 million) spent 20 percent or more of their income on insurance plus care. (5/10/16)]
* [http://www.healthsystemtracker.org/insight/payments-for-cost-sharing-increasing-rapidly-over-time/?utm_campaign=KFF-2016-Peterson-Cost-Sharing-Analysis&utm_medium=email&_hsenc=p2ANqtz-_fzaJSkoJE-fetaUk0iwQOwPP__Fpq1BkKAV4WPcOHEuKp1Ww3jVG7Fl41gr19-i_hWcUPOy The average deductible for people with employer-provided health coverage rose from $303 to $1,077 between 2006 and 2015. (4/12/16)]
* [http://healthaffairs.org/healthpolicybriefs/brief_pdfs/healthpolicybrief_152.pdf Nearly half of workers are covered by an insurance plan with a general annual deductible of at least $1,000 for individual coverage. (2/4/16)]
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/healthcare/high-out-pocket-expenses-narrow-insurance-networks-send-more-patients-to-ers High out-of-pocket expenses, narrow insurance networks send more patients to ERs (10/26/15)]
* [http://kff.org/report-section/ehbs-2015-summary-of-findings/ Workers with health insurance covered by their employers have an annual deductible amount for single coverage of $1,318. (9/22/15)]

Surprise Out-of-Network Bills 
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/finance/many-medicare-advantage-members-burned-by-out-of-network-bills.html Many Medicare Advantage members burned by out-of-network bills due to changes in network providers (11/28/16)]

Uninsured 
* [http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/lists/2016/remaining-uninsured Why Do Millions of U.S. Adults Remain Uninsured? 1) The ACA excludes undocumented immigrants; 2) Nineteen states have not expanded Medicaid eligibility; 3) Many people still don’t know about the health insurance marketplaces; 4) Affordability is a concern; 5) Selecting a plan can be difficult: 6) Many aren’t getting the help they need. (10/21/16)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/payer-issues/federal-estimate-of-uninsured-falls-to-record-low-7-statistics.html Federal estimate of uninsured falls to record low 8.6% (9/7/16)]
* [http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2016/aug/who-are-the-remaining-uninsured Who Are the Remaining Uninsured and Why Haven't They Signed Up for Coverage? (8/18/16)]
* [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/earlyrelease201605.pdf The percentage uninsured in 2015 was 10.5% (28.4 million) (5/2016)]
* [http://kff.org/uninsured/fact-sheet/key-facts-about-the-uninsured-population/ Uninsured nonelderly Americans in 2014 was 32 million. 48% of uninsured adults said the main reason they were uninsured was because the cost was too high. Over 5 in 10 of uninsured have family income below 200% of poverty. (10/5/15).]

===Income & Work ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Income_.26_Work_Determinants Income & Work Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/how-working-night-shifts-furthers-health-disparities.html How working night shifts furthers health disparities (10/25/16)]
* [https://www.fastcompany.com/3064755/work-smart/study-finds-work-life-balance-could-be-a-matter-of-life-and-death Study found that those who work in high-stress jobs with little control are more likely to die sooner than those who have more control over and balance in their work. (10/20/16)]
* [http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-10-07/why-are-so-many-men-not-working-they-re-in-pain A large share of American men between the ages of 25 and 54 who aren’t in the labor force may suffer from serious health conditions that are “a barrier to work” and suffer physical pain, sadness, and stress in their daily lives. (10/7/16)]
* [http://healthcare-economist.com/2016/09/26/effect-of-job-loss-on-physical-and-mental-health/ Job loss due to plant closures affects physical health adversely for individuals in the middle and lower part of the health distribution while those in best physical condition do not seem to be affected. The results similar for mental health. (9/26/16)]
* [http://khn.org/news/low-income-patients-face-hurdles-to-care-at-public-hospital-in-miami/ Low-Income Patients Face Hurdles To Care At Public Hospital (8/28/14)]
* [http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2014/03/screening-poverty-included-medical-curriculum.html Low socioeconomic status (SES) is a risk factor for a multitude of medical conditions including cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, cancer, and mental illness. (3/15/14)]
* [http://www.nccp.org/topics/childpoverty.html More than 16 million children in the United States – 22% of all children – live in families with incomes below the federal poverty level]

Lack of Sick Leave 
* [http://www.wbur.org/npr/484960907/hassle-of-being-a-patient-can-turn-into-a-crisis-without-sick-leave Hassle Of Being A Patient Can Turn Into A Crisis Without Sick Leave. Third of working Americans say their jobs don't offer paid sick days (7/11/16)]
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/35/3/520.abstract Workers without paid sick leave less likely to take time off for illness or injury compared to those with paid sick leave. 3.0 times more likely to forego medical care for themselves and 1.6 times more likely to forego care for family (3/2016)]

Low Income Impact on Outcomes 
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/payer/socioeconomic-hardships-hurt-dual-eligibles-health-outcomes Sociodemographic factors are a major driver of adverse health outcomes for patients who qualify for both Medicare and Medicaid (4/2/15)]
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/healthcare/employment-status-top-socioeconomic-factor-readmissions Employment status top socioeconomic factor in readmissions (12/11/14)]
* [http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2014/08/29/exhibit-of-the-month-income-related-disparities-associated-with-negative-health-outcomes/ Income-Related Disparities Associated With Negative Health Outcomes (8/29/14)]
* [http://hin.com/Healthcare_Business_Weekly_Update/2014/06/06/data-dive-uncovers-socioeconomics-driving-er-visits-readmissions/ Data Dive Uncovers Socioeconomics Driving ER Visits, Readmissions (6/6/14)]

Work environment 
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/36/2/258.abstract?=right Social, Psychological, And Physical Aspects Of The Work Environment Could Contribute To Hypertension Prevalence (2/2017)]
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/34/10/1761.abstract Exposure To Harmful Workplace Practices Could Account For Inequality In Life Spans Across Different Demographic Groups (10/2015)]

===Legal ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Legal_Determinants Legal Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.

Jail Involved 
* [http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/12/05/499775644/helping-ex-inmates-stay-out-of-the-er-brings-multiple-benefits Early access to primary care for ex-inmates can bring down healthcare costs by keeping them out of the ER (12/5/16)]
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/33/3/443.abstract The Critical Link Between Health Care And Jails (3/2014)]

==Environmental ''Insight''==
[http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Environmental_Determinants Environmental Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and [http://www.patientwell-being.org/general/what-is-personal-well-being/ well-being].
===Access & Logistics ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Access_.26_Logistics_Determinants Access & Logistics Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/hospitals/patients-lacking-pharmacy-access-likely-to-readmitted-to-hospital Patients in rural or remote communities with lack of access to a pharmacy may be more likely to end up back in the hospital (8/4/16)]
* [https://www.minnpost.com/health/2014/06/late-life-live-home-rural-seniors-need-food-socialization-support Late-in-life: To live at home, rural seniors need food, socialization, support (6/23/14)]
* [http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR578.html Roughly 1.3 million individuals (some 300,000 service members and an additional 1 million dependents) were at risk of living in an area remote from behavioral health care. (2015)]
* [http://www.mentalhealthamerica.net/sites/default/files/Parity%20or%20Disparity%20Report%20FINAL.pdf There is only 1 mental health provider for every 790 individuals. One out of three adults with disability could not see a doctor because of costs. (2015)]
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4265215/ Transportation barriers to health care access are common, and greater for vulnerable populations. (12/2013)]

===Communication ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Communication_Determinants Communication Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.

===Community ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Community_Determinants Community Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.

* [http://cdnfiles.americashealthrankings.org/SiteFiles/Reports/2015_Am_Health_Ranking.pdf America’s Health Rankings of Behaviors, Community & Environment, Policy, and Clinical Care determinants of health that directly influence health outcomes (2015 Edition)]
* [http://www.commonwealthfund.org/Publications/In-the-Literature/2014/Apr/Community-Factors-and-Hospital-Readmission-Rates.aspx Community factors most strongly associated with lower hospital readmission rates include more general practitioners and fewer specialists per capita and the presence of high-quality nursing home care. (4/17/14)]
* [http://www.rwjf.org/en/library/research/2014/01/recommendations-from-the-rwjf-commission-to-build-a-healthier-am.html Time to Act: Investing in the Health of Our Children and Communities (1/13/14)]
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/29/3/503.long Children had a 20-60% higher likelihood of being obese or overweight if living in neighborhoods with unfavorable social conditions such as unsafe surroundings; poor housing; and no access to sidewalks, parks, and recreation centers. (3/2010)]

Clean Air 
* [http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-air-pollution-alzheimers-20170131-story.html The surprising link between air pollution and Alzheimer’s disease (1/31/17)]
* [http://mobile.nytimes.com/2016/09/28/world/air-pollution-smog-who.html?_r=0&referer=http://khn.org/morning-breakout/first-edition-september-28-2016/ More Than 9 in 10 People Breathe Bad Air, W.H.O. Study Says (9/28/16)]

Clean Water 
* [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/08/14/63-million-americans-exposed-unsafe-drinking-water/564278001/ 63 million Americans exposed to unsafe drinking water (8/14/17)]
* [http://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/usa-lead-testing/ Water testing for lead levels found almost 3,000 areas with poisoning rates far higher than in Flint Michigan. Yet many of these lead hotspots are receiving little attention or funding. (12/19/16)]
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/finance/as-water-infrastructure-ages-cost-treating-infections-rise Researchers believe as much as $2 billion of healthcare costs each year is tied to the treatment of infections that lurk in water distribution systems. (9/19/16)]

Community Related - Life Expectancy 
* [https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/abs/10.1377/hlthaff.2016.1571 Widening Disparities In Infant Mortality And Life Expectancy Between Appalachia And The Rest Of The United States, 1990–2013 (8/2017)]
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2017/05/08/u-s-life-expectancy-varies-by-more-than-20-years-from-county-to-county/ U.S. life expectancy varies by more than 20 years from county to county (5/8/17)]
* [http://www.rwjf.org/en/culture-of-health/2016/11/tackling_life_expect.html A person born in Princeton, NJ can expect to live 87 years, his or her neighbor a dozen miles away in Trenton has a life expectancy of 73 years (11/9/16)]
* [http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/04/11/473749157/its-not-just-what-you-make-its-where-you-live-says-study-on-life-expectancy Life Expectancy Study: It's Not Just What You Make, It's Where You Live (4/11/16)]

Countries 
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/healthcare/when-it-comes-to-healthcare-u-s-once-again-ranks-last-quality-care-compared-to-other When it comes to healthcare, U.S. once again ranks last in quality care compared to other wealthy nations (7/14/17)]
* [http://www.mobihealthnews.com/content/global-study-700k-smartphone-users-shows-link-between-obesity-and-activity-inequality Global study of 700K smartphone users shows link between obesity and activity inequality within country (7/11/17)]

Environmental Exposures 
* [https://www.revealnews.org/blog/14-million-kids-could-be-exposed-to-toxic-pcbs-at-school/ 14 million US kids could be exposed to toxic PCBs at school (10/12/16)]

Food Deserts 
* [https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/abs/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0122 Geographic Accessibility Of Food Outlets Not Associated With Body Mass Index Change Among Veterans, 2009–14 (8/2017)]
* [http://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2010-march/access-to-affordable,-nutritious-food-is-limited-in-%E2%80%9Cfood-deserts%E2%80%9D.aspx Some neighborhoods in US, mostly in low-income areas, have been dubbed “food deserts” because they don't have supermarkets or other food retailers that carry affordable and nutritious food. (3/1/2010)]

Food Safety 
* [http://khn.org/news/lead-detected-in-20-of-baby-food-samples-surprising-even-researchers/ Lead Detected In 20% Of Baby Food Samples, Surprising Even Researchers (6/15/17)]

Low Income Neighborhoods 
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/36/6/999.abstract One’s neighborhood may drive or influence health disparities, which can be understood as disadvantages in health associated with one’s social, racial, economic, or physical environment, originate in childhood and persist across an individual’s life course. (6/2017)]
*[http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/04/why-the-poor-die-young/477846/ A massive study of health and income found that smoking, obesity, and exercise are the most important determinants of longevity. Poor neighborhoods score worse in all of them. (4/12/16)]
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/33/8/1383.abstract People who live in lower-income neighborhoods have a higher rate of diabetic lower-extremity amputations than those in more affluent areas (8/2014)]

Noise 
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/13/well/live/noise-may-raise-blood-pressure-risk.html Noise May Raise Blood Pressure Risk based on a study of people who lived near Athens International Airport (6/13/17)]
* [https://www.healthworkscollective.com/noise-disrupts-circadian-rhythms-and-causes-other-health-issues/ Noise Disrupts Circadian Rhythms and Causes Other Health Issues (4/25/17)]
* [http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2015/06/20/noise-pollution.aspx Quieting Down Could Save Billions in Heart Disease Costs. It’s estimated that 100 million people in the U.S. are exposed to unhealthy levels of noise, typically from automobile and aircraft traffic (although everything from leaf blowers and lawnmowers to loud music can also contribute). (6/30/15)]

Walkable Neighborhoods 
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27218630 Higher neighborhood walkability was associated with decreased prevalence of overweight and obesity and decreased incidence of diabetes between 2001 and 2012 (5/24/16)]

===Home ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Home_Determinants Home Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.
* [http://www.mhealthtalk.com/common-problems-solutions/ The most common problems as you age in your home. (8/7/16)]
* [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353829214001087 NYC heat-mortality rates are associated with poverty and poor housing quality. (11/2014)]

Aging in Place 
* [http://www.miamiherald.com/opinion/op-ed/article113730634.html Affordable housing, quality healthcare can let seniors age in place (11/9/16)]
* [http://www.stltoday.com/lifestyles/health-med-fit/health/want-a-better-chance-to-stay-out-of-a-nursing/article_c1b66d15-7afd-5b85-8e95-d83cc13d8f16.html Want a better chance to stay out of a nursing home? Modify your home (11/6/16)]
* [http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/23/health/at-home-many-seniors-are-imprisoned-by-their-independence.html?ref=health&_r=3 Many seniors living at home feel imprisoned by their independence] (6/19/15)

Environmental Exposures 
* [http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/07/gas-leaks-mold-and-rats-millions-of-americans-live-in-hazardous-homes/492689/ Gas Leaks, Mold, and Rats: Millions of Americans Live in Hazardous Homes (7/25/16)]
* [http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2014/01/important-lesson-personalized-patient-care.html Controlling environmental allergens can reduce sneezing and nasal congestion that trigger asthma (1/1/14)]
* [http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/radon/radon-fact-sheet Scientists estimate that lung cancer deaths could be reduced by 2 to 4% by addressing the one in 15 homes the EPA believes has too much radon exposure]
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/healthcare/multi-faceted-home-ventilation-intervention-reduces-copd-readmissions-study-finds Multi-faceted home ventilation intervention reduces COPD readmissions, study finds (7/15/15)]
* [http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/ At least 4 million households have children living in them that are being exposed to high levels of lead (1/29/16)]
* [http://www.rwjf.org/en/library/research/2009/07/improving-the-health-of-all-americans-through-safe-and-healthy-h.html Approximately 40% of the 6.7 million children with diagnosed asthma are believed to be attributable to residential exposures (7/2009)]

Homelessness 
* [https://academic.oup.com/jpubhealth/article-abstract/doi/10.1093/pubmed/fdx034/3074503/Lifetime-and-1-year-prevalence-of-homelessness-in?redirectedFrom=fulltext Lifetime and 1-year prevalence of homelessness in the US population was found to be 4.2% and 1.5%, respectively (3/18/17)]

Home Injuries 
* [http://www.commissiononhealth.org/PDF/e434bb61-64d3-4267-9dca-705b9d80ddaa/HousingFactSheetJun09.pdf An estimated 4 million emergency department visits and 70,000 hospital admissions were attributed to injuries at home. (6/2009)]

Housing Instability 
* [https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/housing-instability-will-cost-healthcare-industry-111b-over-next-decade.html Housing instability will cost healthcare industry $111B over next decade (8/10/17)]

Noise 
* [https://www.healthworkscollective.com/noise-disrupts-circadian-rhythms-and-causes-other-health-issues/ Noise Disrupts Circadian Rhythms and Causes Other Health Issues (4/25/17)]
* [http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2015/06/20/noise-pollution.aspx Quieting Down Could Save Billions in Heart Disease Costs. It’s estimated that 100 million people in the U.S. are exposed to unhealthy levels of noise, typically from automobile and aircraft traffic (although everything from leaf blowers and lawnmowers to loud music can also contribute). (6/30/15)]

===Security ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Security_Determinants Security Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.
Neighborhood Violence 
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/chicagoans-rank-violence-as-top-concern-in-health-needs-assessment.html Injury and violence was ranked as top concerns among Chicago's South and West Side residents, along with diabetes, nutrition, physical activity and weight, substance abuse and tobacco use, according to a health needs survey. (6/23/16)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/study-finds-link-between-neighborhood-violence-and-biological-stress-in-children.html Study finds link between neighborhood violence and biological stress in children (11/15/16)]

===Technology & Apps ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Technology_.26_Apps_Determinants Technology & Apps Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.
* [http://www.chicagotribune.com/lifestyles/health/sc-devices-to-track-wandering-kids-with-autism-health-0517-20170508-story.html 96% of parents surveyed who said they were using an electronic tracking device for their child with autism claimed it improved their quality of life (5/8/17)]
* [http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2015/may/mobile-health-and-patient-engagement-in-the-safety-net Mobile Health and Patient Engagement in the Safety Net: A Survey of Community Health Centers and Clinics (5/13/15)]

Decision Making and Condition Management 
* [http://www.mobihealthnews.com/content/new-apps-aim-guide-men-through-treatment-symptom-management-prostate-cancer New apps aim to guide men through treatment, symptom management of prostate cancer (9/10/16)]

Devices 
* [http://www.mobihealthnews.com/content/study-finds-patients-often-misuse-wrist-blood-pressure-monitors-leading-inaccurate-readings Study finds patients often misuse wrist blood pressure monitors, leading to inaccurate readings (9/7/16)]

Digital Health Apps 
* [https://www.engadget.com/amp/2017/07/11/lumosity-does-not-improve-cognitive-skills/ Lumosity doesn’t actually improve your cognitive skills (7/11/17)]
* [http://www.mobihealthnews.com/content/internet-mobile-disease-interventions-seem-work-longterm-studies-are-lacking Internet, mobile disease interventions seem to work, but long term studies are lacking (9/1/16)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/healthcare-information-technology/study-health-apps-near-meaningless-for-low-income-patients-with-chronic-conditions.html Study: Health apps near meaningless for low-income patients with chronic conditions (7/20/16)]
* [http://www.imedicalapps.com/2016/03/rehab-app-shoulder-rotator-cuff/ Rehab App Aims to Improve Shoulder & Rotator Cuff Repair Rehabilitation (3/21/16)]
* [http://mobihealthnews.com/content/commonwealth-fund-reasonably-small-number-chronic-health-apps-are-useful Some 43 percent of iOS health apps and 27 percent of Android health apps are useful. (2/22/16)]
* [http://medcitynews.com/2015/12/copd-management-apps/ 5 digital health tools that could improve COPD management (12/3/15)]
* [http://www.imedicalapps.com/2014/11/cardiosmart-explorer-great-tool-educating-patients-clinic/ CardioSmart Explorer is a great tool for educating patients with cardiac disease (11/21/14)]
* [http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/fund-reports/2014/oct/vision-digital-health-tech A Vision for Using Digital Health Technologies to Empower Consumers and Transform the U.S. Health Care System (10/1/14)]
* A [http://mobihealthnews.com/23418/most-patients-want-their-doctors-to-prescribe-apps/ study] from Digitas Health found that 90 percent of chronic patients in the US would accept a mobile app prescription as opposed to only 66 percent willing to accept a prescription of medication. (7/1/13)

Digital Health Monitoring 
* [http://www.mobihealthnews.com/content/jama-study-technology-self-monitor-blood-glucose-levels-no-better-traditional-management JAMA study: technology to self-monitor blood glucose levels no better than traditional management of type 2 diabetes (6/16/17)]
* [http://mobihealthnews.com/content/study-patients-are-more-compliant-alivecor-devices-traditional-event-monitors Patients are more compliant to smartphone-connected heart monitor devices than traditional event monitors (5/5/16)]
* [http://journals.lww.com/neurologynow/Citation/2015/11040/Wearing_the_Detectives__Wristbands,_smartwatches,.23.aspx Wristbands, smartwatches, and other wearable devices allow for more real-time monitoring of seizures and other neurologic symptoms—and, possibly, more precise treatment. (8/2015)]

Home Automation 
* [http://www.mhealthtalk.com/top-home-tech-for-seniors-infographic/ Top Home Tech for Seniors (7/28/14)]
* [http://www.mhealthtalk.com/home-automation-and-home-health-care/ Home automation and in-home care aid gives patients independence without sacrificing their health needs. (3/25/14)]

Internet Access 
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/mobile/a-growing-number-people-chronic-conditions-also-lack-internet-access A growing number of people with chronic conditions also lack internet access (6/9/17)]
* [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jane-sarasohnkahn/broadband-connectivity-is_b_11059720.html Broadband Connectivity Is A Social Determinant Of Health (7/22/16)]

Technology Efficacy 
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/mobile/smart-pill-bottles-didn-t-improve-adherence-for-heart-attack-patients-but-researchers-say Smart pill bottles didn’t improve medication adherence for heart attack patients, but earlier intervention could help (6/26/17)]

Technology Usage 
* [http://www.mobihealthnews.com/content/survey-21-percent-americans-have-used-virtual-healthcare-78-percent-are-interested Survey: 21 percent of Americans have used virtual healthcare, 78 percent are interested (2/9/17)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/healthcare-information-technology/senior-citizens-rarely-use-digital-health-resources-5-study-findings.html Seniors rarely use digital health resources: 5 study findings (8/3/16)]
* [http://mobihealthnews.com/39189/parks-41-percent-of-caregivers-use-a-digital-health-device 41 percent of caregivers use a digital health device (12/18/14)]
* [http://mobihealthnews.com/38904/kaiser-members-who-use-app-are-more-adherent-satisfied-and-loyal/ Kaiser now has 70% of its 9 million members as active users of its online and mobile offerings, patients are more adherent, satisfied, and loyal (12/10/14)]

==Content ''Insight''==
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Content_Determinants Content Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and [http://www.patientwell-being.org/general/what-is-personal-well-being/ well-being].

===Medical Records ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Medical_Records_Determinants Medical Records Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and [http://www.patientwell-being.org/general/what-is-personal-well-being/ well-being].

* [http://medcitynews.com/2014/01/trends-healthcare-giving-access-doctor-notes-can-stimulate-patient-engagement/ Giving access to doctor notes can stimulate patient engagement (1/6/14)]
* [https://www.healthit.gov/patients-families/blue-button/about-blue-button Medicare provides medical history on a mobile app (Blue Button) for patients and caregivers to share with doctors]

===Health Determinants Records ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Health_Determinants_Records Health Determinants Records] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and [http://www.patientwell-being.org/general/what-is-personal-well-being/ well-being].

===Health Interventions Records ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Health_Interventions_Records_Determinants Health Interventions Records Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and [http://www.patientwell-being.org/general/what-is-personal-well-being/ well-being].

===Health Outcomes Records ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Health_Outcomes_Records_Determinants Health Outcomes Records Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and [http://www.patientwell-being.org/general/what-is-personal-well-being/ well-being].

==Care Management ''Insight''==
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Care_Management_Determinants Care Management Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and [http://www.patientwell-being.org/general/what-is-personal-well-being/ well-being].
===Health Mission & Care Goals ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Health_Mission_.26_Care_Goals_Determinants Health Mission & Care Goals Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.

Care Goals 
* [http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2013/12/defining-patients-goals-care.html Defining the patient’s goals of care (12/11/13)]
* [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1113631#t=article Goal-Oriented Patient Care — An Alternative Health Outcomes Paradigm (3/1/2012)]

End of Life Planning 
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/healthcare/end-life-care-planning-fails-patients End-of-life care, planning fails patients (2/5/15)]
* [https://www.minnpost.com/second-opinion/2014/06/few-doctors-discuss-end-life-planning-heart-failure-patients-mayo-study-finds Few doctors discuss end-of-life planning with heart-failure patients, Mayo study finds (6/18/14)]
* [http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/Reports/2014/Dying-In-America-Improving-Quality-and-Honoring-Individual-Preferences-Near-the-End-of-Life.aspx ''Dying in America'' - experts find that improving the quality and availability of medical and social services for patients and their families could enhance quality of life through the end of life (9/17/14)]
* [http://khn.org/news/too-many-people-die-in-hospital-instead-of-home-heres-why/ Too Many People Die In Hospital Instead Of Home. Here’s Why. (9/22/14)]

===Health Strategy & Care Planning ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Health_Strategies_.26_Care_Planning_Determinants Health Strategy & Care Planning Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.
* [http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2016/05/10/addressing-triggers-of-decline-in-older-adults-physical-cognitive-or-mental-health/ “Triggers of Decline” conceptual model developed to identify at-risk populations of older adults and to develop evidence-based practices to prevent the onset of frailty. (5/10/16)]
* [http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2014/07/02/family-caregiving-and-palliative-care-closing-the-policy-gap/ Gaps in Understanding about Palliative Care - Reasons for Lack of Policy Support for Family Caregivers (7/2/14)]

Care Planning 
* [http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2015/01/02/implementing-a-care-planning-system-how-to-fix-the-most-pervasive-errors-in-health-care/ Implementing A Care Planning System: How To Fix The Most Pervasive Errors In Health Care (1/2/15)]

Decision Aids 
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/35/4/630.abstract Massachusetts General had over 28,000 orders for 40 patient decision aids over 10 years. (4/2016)]
* [http://familiesusa.org/press-release/2016/proven-best-choices-guides-health-care-options-launched-icer-and-families-usa Proven Best Choices Creates Guides to Offer Patients and Physicians Easy-to-Understand Advice on ‘Best Value’ Options for Breast Cancer Screening and Prostate Cancer Treatments (1/21/16)]
* [https://decisionaid.ohri.ca/odsf.html The Ottawa Decision Support Framework is an evidence-based, practical, mid-range theory for guiding patients making health or social decisions (6/22/15)]
* [http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/newsletters/quality-matters/2012/october-november/in-focus Helping Patients Make Better Treatment With Decision Aids (10/2012)]

Evidence-Based Practice 
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/practices/primary-care-docs-may-struggle-to-find-high-quality-evidence-to-support-clinical Primary care doctors have trouble finding the evidence they need to guide clinical decisions. A study of Georgia 721 topics from online references for generalists and found only 18% of the recommendations were based on high-quality, patient-oriented evidence. (6/21/17)]
* [http://thehealthcareblog.com/blog/2015/05/22/credibility-of-evidence-a-reconsideration-of-the-logic-and-strength-of-our-healthcare-decisions/ Credibility of Evidence: A Reconsideration of the Logic and Strength of Our Healthcare Decisions (5/22/15)]

Medical Advocates 
* [http://khn.org/news/medical-advocates-can-help-guide-patients-on-difficult-care-choices/ Medical Advocates Can Help Guide Patients On Difficult Care Choices (1/27/16)]

Second Opinions 
* [http://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/partners-expands-second-opinion-service-health-advocate-partnership Partners expands second-opinion service with Health Advocate partnership. Complete change in the treatment plan was recommended in 90 percent of medical cases remotely reviewed. (4/27/17)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-physician-relationships/88-of-second-opinions-from-mayo-physicians-result-in-different-diagnosis-study-finds.html 88% of second opinions from Mayo physicians result in different or refined diagnosis, study finds (4/4/17)]

Shared Decision Making 
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/quality/patients-with-more-say-in-treatment-have-fewer-side.html Patients with more say in treatment have fewer side effects (7/13/16)]
* [http://khn.org/news/inviting-patients-to-help-decide-their-own-treatment/ Inviting Patients To Help Decide Their Own Treatment (3/16/15)]
* [http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2014/12/17/shared-decision-making-and-the-use-of-patient-decision-aids/ Shared Decision Making And The Use Of Patient Decision Aids - can lead to patients gaining knowledge, having a more accurate understanding of risks, harms and benefits, feeling less conflicted about decisions and rating themselves as less passive and less often undecided (12/17/14)]
* [http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2013/08/doctors-patients-critically-medical-decisions.html How should doctors and patients look critically at medical decisions?] (8/16/13)
* [http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2013/08/medical-interventions-5050-informs-patient.html Many medical interventions are 50/50: Who informs the patient? (8/13/2013)]

===Health Disciplines & Resources ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Health_Disciplines_.26_Resources_Determinants Health Disciplines & Resources Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.
* [http://www.mhealthtalk.com/how-a-specialist-nurse-can-help-with-dementia/ How a Specialist Nurse can Help with Dementia (6/21/14)]

Community Health Workers 
* [http://khn.org/news/hospitals-eye-community-health-workers-to-cultivate-patients-successes/ Hospitals Eye Community Health Workers To Cultivate Patients’ Successes (4/11/16)]
* [http://khn.org/news/in-l-a-community-health-workers-are-part-of-the-medical-team/ In L.A., Community Health Workers Are Part Of The Medical Team (10/26/15)]
* [http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2015/01/16/how-community-health-workers-can-reinvent-health-care-delivery-in-the-us/ How Community Health Workers Can Reinvent Health Care Delivery In The US (1/16/15)]

Community & Social Services 
* [http://www.rwjf.org/en/culture-of-health/2016/08/how_social_spending.html How Social Spending Affects Health Outcomes (8/17/16)]
* [https://thehealthcaremarketer.wordpress.com/2016/08/11/the-health-impact-in-5-years-hi-5-initiative/ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) launches new initiative – Health Impact in 5 Years (HI-5). Promotes list of proven non-clinical, community-wide interventions that improved health within five years and are cost-effective or have cost-saving over the lifetime of the population. (8/11/16)]
* [http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2016/05/02/social-service-shortfalls-hinder-health-boost-medical-spending/83625264/ Social service shortfalls hinder health, boost medical spending (5/3/16)]
* [https://www.icsi.org/_asset/nsnyw1/sharingknowledgedata.pdf Sharing Knowledge and Data at the Community/System Level To Address Social Determinants (4/2015)]
* [http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2015/07/14/to-lower-the-cost-of-health-care-invest-in-social-services/ To Lower The Cost Of Health Care, Low-tech social services also should be considered a key factor in our health care equation. (7/14/15)]
* [http://www.cdc.gov/chinav/ CDC launches Community Health Improvement Navigator (CHI Navigator) website (5/2015)] with tools and resources from [http://www.thecommunityguide.org/ The Guide to Community Preventive Services], the [http://whatworksforhealth.wisc.edu/ What Works for Health database (on the University of Wisconsin website)], the [https://innovations.ahrq.gov/ AHRQ Health Care Innovations Exchange], the [http://cdc.thehcn.net/index.php?module=promisepractice&controller=index&action=index Healthy Communities Institute Promising Practices] and the [http://healthyamericans.org/ New York Academy of Medicine/Trust for America’s Health Compendium of Proven Community-based Prevention Programs.]
* [http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2013/11/understanding-intersection-health-care-social-services.html Understanding the intersection of health care and social services (11/10/13)]

Primary Care Physicians 
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/practices/many-americans-don-t-have-a-primary-care-doctor Some 28% of U.S. men and 17% of women don’t have a personal doctor or healthcare provider, according to a government survey. (1/12/17)]

Team-Based Approach 
* [http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/05/04/526475132/to-bring-down-stubbornly-high-blood-pressure-it-helps-to-have-a-team To Bring Down Stubbornly High Blood Pressure, It Helps To Have A Team (5/4/17)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-physician-relationships/team-based-care-can-have-negative-financial-impact-on-primary-care-in-ffs-environment.html Team-based care can have negative financial impact on primary care in FFS environment (8/10/16)]
* [http://thehealthcareblog.com/blog/2016/06/15/the-team-sport-of-diagnosis-a-culture-shift-can-reduce-missed-diagnoses/ The Team Sport of Diagnosis: A Culture Shift Can Reduce Missed Diagnoses (6/15/16)]

===Care Management - Communications ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Care_Management_-_Communications_Determinants Care Management - Communications Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.

Communicating Instructions 
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/healthcare/most-patients-don-t-understand-post-discharge-care-plans-study-finds Most patients don't understand post-discharge care plans, study finds (1/6/2016)]

Difficult Dialog 
* [http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/03/03/377569539/even-some-doctors-fear-these-10-questions The difficulty of asking questions about "adverse childhood experiences" that identifies health risks (3/3/15)]
* [http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/03/24/394927484/many-doctors-who-diagnose-alzheimers-fail-to-tell-the-patient Many Doctors Who Diagnose Alzheimer's Fail To Tell The Patient (3/24/15)]

Digital Communications 
* [http://www.cio.com/article/3195891/cio-role/kaiser-cio-shares-it-lessons-for-the-future-of-healthcare.html Kaiser Permanente crossed an important threshold last year when 52 percent of its patient interactions were digital. (5/10/17)]
* [http://www.imedicalapps.com/2016/11/mhealth-monitor-patients-physicians/ 58% of people in the U.S. with a smartphone shared information with a medical professional using a mobile or wearable device. And 25% used email or text to send a photo of a medical issue to their doctor. (11/15/16)]
* [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/06/29/doctors-facebook-telehealth_n_7662774.html Communicating With Your Doctor On Facebook May Be The Future Of Healthcare (6/29/15)]
* [http://medcitynews.com/2014/07/healthcrowd-pilot-finds-mobile-engagement-medicaid-patients-cost-effective/ Pilot project finds mobile engagement with Medicaid patients ‘most cost-effective’ (7/29/14)]
* [http://mobihealthnews.com/35160/nearly-half-of-kaiser-permanentes-members-use-my-health-manager/ Nearly half of Kaiser Permanente's members use online health management platform (7/25/14)]
* Electronic Communication - [http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11606-012-2329-5 71% of vulnerable patient populations want to use electronic communication with health care providers.] (2/20/13)

Doctor Patient Discussions 
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/practices/language-doctors-use-to-talk-to-diabetes-patients-makes-a-difference The language doctors use to talk to diabetes patients makes a difference to success (6/14/17)]
* [http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2016/09/prudent-antibiotic-prescribing-lowers-patient-satisfaction.html How prudent antibiotic prescribing lowers patient satisfaction (9/13/16)]
* [http://khn.org/news/attending-to-the-human-element-is-key-to-keeping-patients-healthy/amp/ Study recommends improving communication with racial minorities and lower-income patients, such as better bedside manner (so patients trust their doctors), communication that is easily understood by everyday people and willingness to discuss how price fits into consumers’ health decisions. (9/2/16)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-physician-relationships/physicians-spend-twice-as-much-time-on-ehr-desk-work-than-with-patients.html Physicians spend twice as much time on EHR, desk work than with patients (9/6/16)]
* [http://www.rwjf.org/en/culture-of-health/2016/06/costs_of_care_getti.html Doctors and patients want to talk transparently about the costs and value of health care, but it’s easier said than done. (6/15/16)]
* [http://medcitynews.com/2014/09/get-10-minutes-doctor-2/ Why Do I Only Get 10 Minutes With My Doctor? (9/18/14)]
* [http://khn.org/news/15-minute-doctor-visits/ 15-Minute Visits Take A Toll On The Doctor-Patient Relationship (4/21/14)]

Patient Portals 
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/ehr/despite-federal-push-to-offer-ehr-access-patient-engagement-low Just 15% of hospital patients electronically accessed their medical records despite 88% of hospitals offering access. Nearly one-third of patients accessed EHRs offered by physician practices. (3/16/17)]

Patient Provided Data
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/analytics/how-university-rochester-medical-center-uses-patient-generated-data-to-set-expectations University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC) collects patient-reported outcomes by using a Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), which requires patients to answer five to seven questions on a tablet. (7/6/17)]
* [http://www.annfammed.org/content/15/2/158.abstract Patients Typing Their Own Visit Agendas Into an Electronic Medical Record. Patients and clinicians agreed that the agendas improved patient-clinician communication. (3/2017)]

Remote Monitoring 
* [http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2488923#Results Study finds readmissions nearly the same for heart failure patients using remote patient monitoring (3/2016)]
* [http://mobihealthnews.com/content/scripps-wired-health-study-results-show-no-clinical-or-economic-benefit-digital-health Scripps Wired for Health study shows no clinical or economic benefit from digital health monitoring (1/19/16)]
* [http://khn.org/news/making-the-human-condition-computable/ Dr. Patrick Soon-Shiong is working on wearable, real-time monitors to enable doctors to “interrogate” a person’s individual blood cells “all the way down to the atom level” to see how a given drug works or why it fails. (12/11/14)]
* [http://www.mhealthtalk.com/can-fall-monitoring-technology-keep-elders-safe/ Can Fall Monitoring Technology Keep Elders Safe? (4/7/14)]
* [http://www.mddionline.com/article/digital-health-dominates-ces-2014-%E2%80%93-3-trends-watch-3 Brookings Institute analysis, remote monitoring technologies could save the U.S. healthcare system $197 billion between 2010 and 2035. (1/9/14)]

Screenings 
* [https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/practices/doctors-should-screen-patients-for-social-isolation-to-address-loneliness-epidemic Doctors must screen patients for social isolation to address 'loneliness epidemic' (8/8/17)]
* [https://nam.edu/standardized-screening-for-health-related-social-needs-in-clinical-settings-the-accountable-health-communities-screening-tool/ Standardized Screening for Health-Related Social Needs in Clinical Settings. The Accountable Health Communities Screening Tool. (5/30/17)] [https://nam.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Standardized-Screening-for-Health-Related-Social-Needs-in-Clinical-Settings.pdf See PDF]

Text Messaging 
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/mobile/despite-privacy-hoops-text-messaging-offers-unprecedented-convenience Despite privacy hoops, text messaging offers ‘unprecedented convenience’ (5/11/17)]

===Care Management - Operational ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Care_Management_-_Operational_Determinants Care Management - Operational Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/33/3/474.abstract Breaking Down Silos Between Health Care And Criminal Justice (3/2014)]

Behavioral Health Integration 
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/33/10/1808.abstract Few ACOs Pursue Innovative Models That Integrate Care For Mental Illness And Substance Abuse With Primary Care (10/2014)]
* [http://docs.house.gov/meetings/IF/IF02/20150211/102944/HHRG-114-IF02-Wstate-KohnL-20150211.pdf About 10 million—or 4.2%—of adults in the United States suffered from a serious mental illness in 2013 were supported by 112 different federal programs (2/11/15)]

Care Transitions 
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/hospitals/post-acute-care-needs-to-be-coordinated-but-it-often-not Only 30% of the 375 surveyed said that the post-acute care their patients received upon discharge was mostly coordinated. And a mere 7% reported they were fully coordinated. (11/131/6)]
* [http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2016/07/20/peds.2015-4182 Nearly 30% of 30-day readmissions to a children’s hospital may be potentially preventable. (7/2016)]
* [http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2013/09/difficult-transition-hospital-nursing-home.html The difficult transition between the hospital and nursing home (9/5/13)]
* [http://khn.org/news/home-health-agencies-often-miss-medication-errors-endangering-patients/ One of the most dangerous junctures in medical care: patients leaving the hospital. Nearly a quarter had inadequately reviewed or tracked medications, sometimes even causing fatal events. (5/2/16)]
* [https://psnet.ahrq.gov/primers/primer/11 Nearly 20% of patients experience adverse events within 3 weeks of hospital discharge, nearly three-quarters of which could have been prevented or ameliorated. (7/2016)]
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/hospitals/post-discharge-risks-persist-for-elderly-patients The transition from hospital to home poses significant risks to patients, especially the elderly, and gaps persist in care during this crucial time. (7/11/16)]

Coordinated Care 
* [http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/in-brief/2016/nov/healthcare-fragmentation-frequency-diagnostic-tests Patients who visit multiple outpatient providers are at greater risk of having uncoordinated, fragmented care, linked to high rates of hospitalization and emergency department visits as well as lower satisfaction. Among patients with five or more chronic diseases, those with the most fragmented care had 542 tests per 100 patients and those with the least fragmented care had 258 tests per 100 patients. (11/28/16)]
* [http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/case-studies/2016/aug/on-lok Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) cares for frail elders in the community (8/12/16)]
* [http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2015/12/poor-interoperability-affects-patients.html How poor interoperability affects patients. It often requires duplicate testing that is not only costly (e.g., CT scans), but also invasive and not without risk to the patient (e.g., bronchoscopy, biopsies). (12/17/15)]
* [http://www.jhsph.edu/news/news-releases/2015/four-in-ten-older-adults-burdened-by-demands-of-health-care-system.html Four in Ten Older Adults Burdened by Demands of Health Care System] (10/14/15)
* [http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/in-the-literature/2014/nov/international-survey-of-older-adults International Survey of Older Adults Finds Shortcomings in Access, Coordination, and Patient-Centered Care (11/19/14)]
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/special-report/5-pieces-care-coordination-puzzle 5 pieces of the care coordination puzzle (6/11/14)]
* [http://www.healthcare-informatics.com/news-item/lack-coordinated-care-problem-older-patients-survey-says Lack of Coordinated Care is a Problem for Older Patients, Survey Says (4/3/14)]
* [http://medcitynews.com/2013/10/coordinated-care-critical-reducing-u-s-health-spending/ Coordinated care critical for reducing U.S. health spending (10/8/13)]

High-Need, High-Cost Patients 
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/healthcare/hospital-superusers-pennsylvania-ring-up-1-25b-tab-0 Superusers represent 3% of hospitalized patients in Pennsylvania consumed $1.25 billion in health care costs. (6/21/17)]
* [https://www.theatlantic.com/theplatinumpatients/ Each year, 1 in every 20 Americans racks up just as much in medical bills as another 19 combined. (6/15/17)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/patient-engagement/10-statistics-about-treating-patients-with-complex-needs.html In a survey of high-need patients (2 or more major chronic conditions like heart failure, stroke or diabetes requiring insulin, among other factors), 62% did not have good access to services that could help them manage their daily living activities. 58% did not have good access to an informed and up-to-date care coordinator. (12/9/16)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/share-of-us-employees-testing-positive-for-illicit-drug-reaches-10-year-peak.html 1.2% of employees are high cost claimants who comprise 31% of total health care spending according to a report on 26 large employers. (9/15/16)]
* [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1608511 Caring for High-Need, High-Cost Patients — An Urgent Priority (9/8/16)]
* [http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2016/aug/high-need-high-cost-patients-meps2 Health care spending for high-need adults exceeded $21,000 per person, nearly three times the average for adults with multiple chronic diseases only ($7,526) and more than four times that of all adults ($4,845). (8/29/16)]
* [http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2016/aug/high-need-high-cost-patients-meps1 High-Need, High-Cost Patients: Who Are They and How Do They Use Health Care? (8/29/16)]
* [http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/press-releases/2016/aug/high-need-high-cost-meps Report Profiles The 12 Million Sickest Patients; Finds Health Care System Not Meeting Their Needs (8/25/16)]
* [http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/blog/2016/jun/listening-to-those-living-with-chronic-conditions Top concerns of high-need patients include: Paying for Care, Accessing Care, Insurance Frustrations, Technology Can Be Helpful, Getting Help at Home (6/16/16)]
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/34/8/1312.abstract?=right For Many Patients Who Use Large Amounts Of Health Care Services, The Need Is Intense Yet Temporary. Only 28% of super-utilizers remained on top of the list at the end of a year. (8/2015)]
* [http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2014/aug/high-need-high-cost-patients Caring for High-Need, High-Cost Patients: What Makes for a Successful Care Management Program? (8/7/14)]
* [http://berkeleyhealthcareforum.berkeley.edu/report/executive-summary/ 53% of California's healthcare expenditures are spent by just 5% of the population]
* [http://medcitynews.com/2013/11/challenge-frequent-fliers-20-er-visits-per-year-progress/ The challenge of frequent fliers: 20 ER visits per year is progress (11/11/13)]
* [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1315568?query=TOC& Hospital-dependent patient's medical problems cannot be managed outside the hospital. (2/20/14)]
* [http://khn.org/news/one-percent-of-costliest-patients/ Costliest 1 Percent Of Patients Account For 21 Percent Of U.S. Health Spending (10/7/13)]
* [http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2015/oct/care-high-need-high-cost-patients Models of Care for High-Need, High-Cost Patients: An Evidence Synthesis (10/29/15)]
* [http://features.commonwealthfund.org/improving-care-for-those-who-need-it-most Researchers are focusing on high-need, high-cost patients—both because they need the most help and because they have the biggest impact on national health spending. 5 percent of the U.S. population accounts for 50 percent of the nation’s health care costs. (11/11/15)]
* [http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/in-the-literature/2015/dec/primary-care-physicians-in-ten-countries Nearly 25% of primary care physicians in the United States report they are not prepared to care for the sickest and frailest patients, and 84% say they are not well prepared to manage patients with serious mental illness (12/7/15)]

Palliative Care 
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/35/1/44.abstract Palliative Care Teams’ Cost-Saving Effect Is Larger For Cancer Patients With Higher Numbers Of Comorbidities (1/2016)]
* [http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2014/12/29/the-challenge-of-financing-sustainable-community-based-palliative-care-programs/ The Challenge Of Financing Sustainable Community-Based Palliative Care Programs (12/29/14)]

Partnering With Community & Social Services 
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/accountable-care-organizations/what-organizations-do-hospitals-partner-with-for-population-health.html What Organizations do Hospitals Partner With for Population Health? (12/5/13)]
* [http://thehealthcareblog.com/blog/2014/12/28/the-trouble-with-home-health-care-care-coordination/ The Trouble with Home Health Care & Care Coordination (12/28/14)]
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/34/12/2104.abstract Primary Care Physicians In Ten Countries Report Challenges Caring For Patients With Complex Health Needs. Coordinating care and communicating with specialists, hospitals, home care and social service providers. (12/2015)]

==Health Interventions ''Insight''==
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Health_Interventions_Determinants Health Interventions Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and [http://www.patientwell-being.org/general/what-is-personal-well-being/ well-being].

===Medical Interventions ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Medical_Interventions_Determinants Medical Interventions Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.

Access to Medical Care 
* [http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2017/aug/state-variation-high-need-adults High-need adults faced significant barriers accessing needed care in many states. In Alabama, Georgia, Idaho, North Carolina, and South Carolina, for example, 40 percent or more of high-need adults reported not seeing a doctor when needed or not filling a prescription because of cost. (8/7/17)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/patient-engagement/10-statistics-about-treating-patients-with-complex-needs.html In a survey of high-need patients (2 or more major chronic conditions like heart failure, stroke or diabetes requiring insulin, among other factors), 19% used the ED instead of a physician's office or a clinic, 44% delayed care in the past year because of inhibited access. 22% reported a lack of transportation as a reason for delaying care. 95% have a regular physician or place of care, only 35% said it was somewhat or very easy to get medical care after hours without visiting an ED, compared to 53% of other adults (12/9/16)]
* [http://www.forbes.com/sites/robertpearl/2016/07/07/how-the-immense-gap-between-physicians-and-patients-threatens-all-of-us/#1f7cd3ca67f8 Access to medical care in the evenings and on weekends. 32% of doctors say they see patients in person and only 58% say they provide advice by telephone 24/7. Only 38% of patients say they can obtain medical advice by telephone during off-hours. 2% of patients are able to engage in a video visit with their physicians. (7/7/16)]

Behavioral Health Access 
* [http://kcur.org/post/shortage-psychiatrists-leads-patients-costly-er-hospitalization#stream/0 Shortage of Psychiatrists Leads Patients to Costly ER, Hospitalization (5/23/17)]
* [http://blog.acphospitalist.org/2016/12/suicide-psychiatric-care-and-inadequate.html Suicide rate in America has risen by 24% in the last 15 years associated with a significant reduction in the numbers of psychiatric beds available. (12/28/16)]
* [http://khn.org/news/scarcity-of-mental-health-care-means-patients-especially-kids-land-in-er/amp/ Scarcity Of Mental Health Care Means Patients — Especially Kids — Land In ER (10/17/16)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/patient-flow/suicidal-patients-often-wait-hours-for-hospital-beds.html Suicidal patients often wait hours for hospital beds (9/20/16)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/patient-flow/amid-shortage-number-of-psychiatric-beds-in-us-down-13-from-2010.html Number of psychiatric beds in US down 13% from 2010. (8/2/16)]
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/35/7/1271.abstract Population Of US Practicing Psychiatrists Declined, 2003–13, Which May Help Explain Poor Access To Mental Health Care (7/2016)]
* [http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2014/07/troubling-deficiencies-mental-health-system.html The troubling deficiencies in our mental health system (7/4/14)]
* [http://mashable.com/2014/05/01/get-help-anonymously/#XcWpnilo6uq7 4 Ways to Reach Out for Mental Health Help Anonymously (5/1/14)]

Behavioral Health Treatment 
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2016/10/19/report-more-than-half-of-mentally-ill-u-s-adults-get-no-treatment/ More than half of mentally ill U.S. adults get no treatment (10/19/16)]
* [http://khn.org/news/screening-positive-for-depression-doesnt-mean-youll-get-treatment-study-finds/amp/ Most Americans who screen positive for depression don’t receive treatment — while most who did receive treatment don’t actually have the condition. (8/29/16)]
* [http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2016/08/10/suicide-prevention-access-to-behavioral-health-services-lacking/ Over 80% of individuals who had an emergency department visit for self-harm did not receive treatment from a specialty behavioral health provider in the 90 days before their emergency department visit. (8/10/16)]
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/35/6/1052.full In fighting an opiod epidemic, medication-assisted treatment is effective but underused (6/2016)]
* [http://www.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/samhsa-fy2016-congressional-justification.pdf More than half of people with mental illnesses and 90 percent of people with substance use disorders do not get specialty care services. (2016)]
* [http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2015/10/why-80-percent-of-addicts-cant-get-treatment/410269/ 80% of people who are dependent on heroin or painkillers are not getting treatment (10/13/15)]
* [http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2015/10/01/the-forgotten-chronic-disease-mental-health-among-teens-and-young-adults/ Approximately one in five Americans—including children, teens, college youth, and adults—has a mental health problem. Majority of children with mental health conditions are not identified and lack access to treatment. Barriers include: Stigma, Inadequate screening by primary care providers, Trouble finding treatment, Failure to implement evidence-based therapies, Slow implementation of research findings (10/1/15)]

Emergency Room 
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/quality/10k-patients-die-each-year-within-7-days-of-leaving-a-hospital-er-study-finds.html 10k patients die each year within 7 days of leaving a hospital ER, study finds. (2/1/17)]
* [https://www.excellusbcbs.com/wps/portal/xl/!ut/p/b0/04_Sj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfGjzOJDQoNMfMw9jAzcPQPMDTxNwnyCLc0DjAyCjfQLsh0VAfw_Qe0!/?WCM_PORTLET=PC_Z7_TUR4L7H20GIP70I4VLS97P2020000199_WCM&WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/wps/wcm/connect/default/excellus/our+company/news+room/news+releases/excellus+corporate+news/corpnr-06apr2016-alternatives+for+potentially+preventable+nys+hospital+er+visits+examined 10 common conditions represent more than 2 million annual visits to NY State hospital ERs at an estimated cost of about $1.3 billion, and 9 out of 10 of them could have been avoided or treated elsewhere (4/6/16).]
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/healthcare/most-2012-minnesota-ed-visits-were-unnecessary Most 2012 Minnesota ED visits were unnecessary. The more than 1 million ED visits may have been prevented (7/23/15)]
* [http://www.forbes.com/sites/robertglatter/2015/06/01/er-revisit-rates-higher-than-previously-thought-often-more-costly-than-initial-visits/#2669acb66893 ER Revisit Rates Higher Than Previously Thought, Often More Costly Than Initial Visits (6/1/15)]

Medications 
* [https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/supply-chain/10-most-popular-prescription-drugs-for-2017.html 10 most popular prescription drugs for 2017 (7/24/17)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/opioids/study-prolonged-opioid-use-is-the-most-common-postsurgical-complication.html Study: Prolonged opioid use is the most common postsurgical complication (4/12/17)]
* [http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/12/20/502470255/opioids-can-derail-the-lives-of-older-people-too Study of Medicare recipients found about 15% were prescribed an opioid when they were discharged from the hospital; three months later, 42% were still taking the pain medicine. (12/20/16)]
* [http://cardiology.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2521453 Study found a failure by cardiologists to correctly recognize which of their patients were nonadherent with medications (7/2016)]
* [http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-pharmaceuticals-costs-idUSKBN0NY08H20150513 575,000 Americans used at least $50,000 in prescription medicines last year, about 139,000 used at least $100,000 worth of medication (5/13/15)]
* [http://khn.org/news/americas-other-drug-problem-copious-prescriptions-for-hospitalized-elderly/amp/ ‘America’s other drug problem’: Giving the elderly too many prescriptions. 74-year-old woman with a long history of health problems was in the hospital with pneumonia and difficulty breathing. Her medical records showed she was on 36 medications. (8/15/16)]

Observation Stays 
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/healthcare/1-5-medicare-patients-return-to-hospital-after-observation-stay 1 in 5 Medicare patients return to hospital after an observation stay (6/21/17)]

Opioid Treatment 
* [https://www.statnews.com/2017/08/11/opioid-overdose-costs/ Between 2009 and 2015, the average cost of care per opioid admission increased from $58,500 to $92,400 (8/11/17)]
* [http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2015/05/24/addiction-treatment-shortage/27181773/ Addiction treatment hard to find, even as overdose deaths soar (5/24/15)]

Physician Visit 
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/34-of-american-adults-did-not-see-talk-to-a-physician-last-year-3-report-findings-to-know.html CDC report: 34% of American adults did not see, talk to a physician last year (5/5/16)]

Post-Acute Care 
* [http://medcitynews.com/2013/08/iom-finds-regional-health-spending-differences-linked-to-post-hospital-care-provider-charges/ IOM finds regional health spending differences linked to post-hospital care, provider charges (8/5/13)]

Readmission to Hospitals
* [http://khn.org/news/some-seniors-just-want-to-be-left-alone-which-can-lead-to-problems/ 28% of patients offered home health care when they’re being discharged from a hospital — mostly older adults — say “no” to those service. (6/15/17)]
* [http://www.mcolblog.com/kcblog/2017/6/9/centura-health-shares-strategies-for-reducing-readmissions-i.html Centura Health Shares Strategies for Reducing Readmissions in Bundled Payment Arrangementsfor total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) (6/9/17)]
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/healthcare/one-5-hospital-discharges-has-vital-sign-red-flags 1 in 5 hospital patients discharged with unstable vital signs--a likely cause of deaths, readmissions (8/10/16)]
* [http://khn.org/news/more-than-half-of-hospitals-to-be-penalized-for-excess-readmissions/amp/ The government will punish more than half of the nation’s hospitals — a total of 2,597 — having more patients than expected return within a month. (8/2/16)]
* [http://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/reports/2013/rwjf404178 One in five elderly patients is back in the hospital within 30 days of leaving (11/2013)]

Virtual Visits 
* [http://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/study-shows-telehealth-increased-office-visits-had-minimal-health-benefits Study shows telehealth increased office visits, had minimal health benefits (8/16/17)]
* [https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/mobile/survey-more-than-half-patients-prefer-telehealth-to-person-care Survey: More than half of patients prefer telehealth visits to in-person care (7/17/17)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/telehealth/rural-telehealth-use-for-mental-illness-sees-uptick-of-45-yearly-10-study-insights.html Rural telehealth use for mental illness sees uptick of 45% yearly (5/2/17)]
* [http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/06/30/325488110/online-psychotherapy-gains-fans-and-raises-privacy-concerns Online Psychotherapy Gains Fans And Raises Privacy Concerns (6/30/14)]
* [https://ehrintelligence.com/news/41-organizations-reimbursed-telehealth-services/ 41% of Organizations Are Not Reimbursed for Telehealth Services (11/13/14)]

===Medical Interventions Outcomes ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Medical_Interventions_Outcomes_Determinants Medical Interventions Outcomes Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.

Adverse Outcomes 
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/hospitals/30-percent-rehabilitation-hospital-patients-experience-harm-study-finds OIG report: 30% of rehab hospital patients experience harm (7/21/16)]
* [http://khn.org/news/elderly-hospital-patients-arrive-sick-often-leave-disabled/amp/ About one-third of patients over 70 years old and more than half of patients over 85 leave the hospital more disabled than when they arrived (8/9/16)]
* [http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2016/06/29/time-to-fix-the-black-hole-in-medicare-data/ Medicare pays for nearly 500,000 hip and knee replacement surgeries each year. Approximately 25,000 patients undergo procedures to remove and replace a previous artificial joint. Medicare program is unable to identify product failures, patient safety problems or performance of medical devices. (6/29/16)]
* [http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/03/upshot/if-patients-only-knew-when-more-information-means-less-treatment.html If Patients Only Knew How Often Treatments Could Harm Them (3/2/15)]

Cancer Treatments 
* [http://khn.org/news/one-in-three-women-with-breast-cancer-treated-unnecessarily-study-concludes/amp/ One In Three Women With Breast Cancer Treated Unnecessarily, Study Concludes (1/9/17)]
* [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1606220?af=R&rss=currentIssue& At a median of 10 years, prostate-cancer–specific mortality was low irrespective of the treatment assigned, with no significant difference among treatments. (10/13/16)]

Low-Value Care 
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/finance/18-low-value-tests-cost-minnesota-patients-54-9m-mayo-and-state-study.html 18 'low-value' tests cost Minnesota patients $54.9M, Mayo and state study finds (6/2/17)]
* [http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2015/12/03/taking-stock-of-choosing-wisely/ Roughly 93 percent of quality measures and initiatives have focused on underuse. Choosing Wisely focuses on the overuse that impacts quality and safety (12/3/15)]
* [http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1868536 Medicare spent $8.5 billion on 26 measures of low-value care (7/2014)]

Medical Intervention Efficacy 
* [https://www.statnews.com/2016/10/12/mammogram-overdiagnose-breast-cancer/ For every woman in whom mammography detected a breast cancer that was destined to become large and potentially life-threatening, about four are diagnosed with one that would never have threatened their health (10/12/16)]

Medical Errors 
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/quality/physicians-prescribe-wrong-antibiotic-half-of-the-time.html Physicians prescribe wrong antibiotic half of the time (10/25/16)]
* [http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20160504/NEWS/160509962/medical-errors-may-kill-250000-a-year-but-problem-not-being-tracked Medical errors may kill 250,000 a year, but problem not being tracked (5/4/16)]
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/healthcare/medical-errors-officially-third-leading-cause-death-u-s-study-finds Medical errors officially the third leading cause of death in U.S., study finds (5/3/16)]
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/healthcare/medication-errors-occur-half-surgeries-mgh-study-finds Medication errors or unintended drug side effects occurred in about half of all surgeries done at Boston's Massachusetts General Hospital (10/26/15)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/quality/study-medical-error-deaths-4-5-times-more-likely-than-iom-estimate.html Study: Medical Error Deaths 4.5 Times More Likely Than IOM Estimate 9/20/13)]''Medical Decisions''' 

Misdiagnosis 
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-physician-relationships/how-4-types-of-cognitive-bias-contribute-to-physician-diagnostic-errors-and-how-to-overcome-it.html How 4 types of cognitive bias contribute to physician diagnostic errors — and how to overcome them (6/9/17)]
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/practices/more-than-20-patients-misdiagnosed-by-primary-care-providers-study-finds More than 20% of patients misdiagnosed by primary care providers, Mayo Clinic study finds (4/4/17)]
* [http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2598265 As many as 1 in 3 adults diagnosed with asthma may not actually have the disease, according to research published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. (1/17/17)]
* [http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2015/09/22/iom-study-shows-errors-in-diagnosis-harm-countless-patients-each-year Institute of Medicine: Most patients will experience a misdiagnosis in their lifetime (9/22/15)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/quality/1-in-20-patients-misdiagnosed-each-year-survey-finds.html 1 in 20 patients misdiagnosed each year, survey finds (9/4/14)]
* [http://www.livescience.com/46851-antibiotics-wrongly-prescribed-influenza-cdc.html Doctors Wrongly Prescribed Antibiotics in 30% of 2013 Flu Cases, Stays Study (7/17/14)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/quality/12-million-u-s-adults-misdiagnosed-every-year.html 2 Million U.S. Adults Misdiagnosed Every Year (4/17/14)]

Physician Preference Sensitive Treatments 
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/34/6/993.abstract Physician Characteristics Strongly Predict Patient Enrollment In Hospice (6/2015)]

Retail Clinics 
* [https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/patient-flow/retail-clinics-reduce-unnecessary-er-visits-by-up-to-12.html Retail clinics reduce unnecessary ER visits by up to 12% (7/17/17)]
* [http://medcitynews.com/2016/11/valuable-retail-clinics-havent-resulted-lower-er-visits/ While valuable, retail clinics haven’t resulted in lower ER visits (11/14/16)]

Surgeries 
* [http://khn.org/news/for-knee-pain-experts-say-dont-think-about-scoping-it/ A review of 13 studies, involving nearly 1,700 patients, found that arthroscopic surgery for patients with degenerative knee problems did not provide lasting pain relief or improve function. (5/10/17)]
* [http://www.bmj.com/content/356/bmj.j1131 Total knee replacement of patients with knee osteoarthritis had minimal effects on quality of life. If procedure were restricted to more severely affected patients, its effectiveness would rise, with practice becoming economically more attractive than its current use. (3/28/17)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/why-medically-unnecessary-surgeries-still-happen.html 400,000 middle-aged and older Americans undergo meniscus surgery. Studies have concluded that meniscus surgery offers no additional benefits regular exercise could not. (8/5/16)]
* [http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/05/01/403611589/who-keeps-track-if-your-surgery-goes-well-or-fails For 99 percent of people in America, when they go in to have surgery, the outcome of that operation is not measured (5/3/15)]
* [http://www.reuters.com/article/us-knee-replacement-inappropriate-idUSKBN0F52LC20140630 One-third of knee replacements in the U.S. may be inappropriate (6/30/14)]

Un-diagnosed Conditions 
* [http://medcitynews.com/2015/08/crowdsourcing-is-being-used-to-help-diagnose-those-patients-who-have-doctors-stumped/ Crowdsourcing is being used to help diagnose those patients who have doctors stumped (8/19/15)]
* [http://medcitynews.com/2015/07/undiagnosed-chronic-conditions/ A survey by HealthMine revealed that 46% of the people who discovered they had a previously undiagnosed chronic condition received the diagnosis through their employer wellness program. (7/11/15)]

Unnecessary Care 
* [https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20170801.061337/full/ Professional Athletes And Back Surgery: A Teachable Moment On Overuse In Health Care? (8/1/17)]
* [http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/05/11/overkill-atul-gawande OVERKILL: An avalanche of unnecessary medical care is harming patients physically and financially. What can we do about it? (5/11/15)]
* [http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/in-brief/2015/jan/choosing-wisely-a-growing-international-campaign Choosing Wisely: In addition to wasting valuable resources, the unnecessary use of medical tests, treatments, and procedures can sometimes harm patients (1/20/15)]
* [http://medcitynews.com/2014/09/study-fear-lawsuits-drives-docs-order-unnecessary-diagnostics-hospitalization/ Study of 4,215 orders shows $226 spent per patient on unnecessary care (9/16/14)]

Virtual Visits 
* [https://ehrintelligence.com/news/telehealth-visits-are-83-effective-less-than-half-as-costly/ Telehealth Visits Are 83% Effective, Less Than Half as Costly (12/16/14)]
* [http://mobihealthnews.com/34027/12-virtual-visit-services-that-connect-patients-at-home-to-doctors-or-nurses 12 virtual visit services that connect patients at home to doctors or nurses (6/12/14)]
* [https://ehrintelligence.com/news/telehealth-for-chronic-disease-patients-improves-satisfaction/ Telehealth for chronic disease patients improves satisfaction (5/12/14)]
* [http://www.healthworkscollective.com/thielst/285556/virtual-visits-cutting-healthcare-costs Virtual Visits: Cutting Healthcare Costs (1/2/15)]

===Non-Medical Interventions ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Non-Medical_Interventions_Determinants Non-Medical Interventions Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.

Advanced Care Planning 
* [https://khn.org/news/end-of-life-advice-more-than-500000-chat-on-medicares-dime/ In 2016, the first year advance-care planning session Medicare paid health care providers for this service, nearly 575,000 Medicare beneficiaries took part in the conversations (8/14/18)]

===Non-Medical Interventions Outcomes ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Non-Medical_Interventions_Outcomes_Determinants Non-Medical Interventions Outcomes Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.

Cardiac Rehabilitation 
* [http://khn.org/news/cardiac-rehab-improves-health-but-cost-and-access-issues-complicate-success/amp/ Cardiac Rehab Improves Health, But Cost And Access Issues Complicate Success (8/31/16)]
* [http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/07/18/485871530/cardiac-rehab-works-great-so-why-don-t-people-do-it Despite research showing that joining a cardiac rehabilitation program can help heart patients heal faster and even live longer; fewer than a third do. (7/18/16)]

Employee Wellness Services 
* [http://kff.org/private-insurance/issue-brief/workplace-wellness-programs-characteristics-and-requirements/ Large firms (at least 200 employees) are more likely to offer Employee Wellness Programs than smaller firms (81% vs. 49%) in an effort to promote employee health and productivity and reduce health related cost (5/19/16)]
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/35/1/71.abstract Premium-Based Financial Incentives Did Not Promote Workplace Weight Loss In A 2013–15 Study (1/2016)]

Fall Prevention 
* [http://khn.org/news/hospitals-step-up-to-help-seniors-avoid-falls/ Hospitals Step Up To Help Seniors Avoid Falls (1/12/16)]

Health Coaching 
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/the-underrated-value-of-coaching-in-healthcare-4-thoughts-from-population-health-expert-dr-william-appelgate.html The underrated value of coaching in healthcare: 4 thoughts from population health expert Dr. William Appelgate (1/25/17)]

Legal Counseling 
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/legal-regulatory-issues/ku-kansas-hospital-to-offer-free-legal-counsel-to-low-income-patients.html Kansas hospital offers free legal counsel to low-income patients (8/18/16)]

Obesity Counseling 
* [http://khn.org/news/few-seniors-benefitting-from-medicare-obesity-counseling/ Few Seniors Benefiting From Medicare Obesity Counseling (2/23/15)]
* [http://khn.org/news/seniors-obesity-counseling-benefit-goes-largely-unused/ Seniors’ Obesity-Counseling Benefit Goes Largely Unused (11/20/14)]

Opioid Alternative
* [http://www.denverpost.com/2016/11/30/battling-opioid-epidemic/ How a Colorado health care provider is battling the opioid epidemic with non-pill pain treatments (11/30/16)]

Preventitive Care and Screenings 
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/early/2017/02/16/hlthaff.2016.1231 A study found that only 4% of adults were screened for depression during primary care visits. (2/23/17)]
* [http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2016/02/depression-screening-primary-care/462933/ Why Depression Screenings Should Be Part of Routine Check-Ups (2/16/16)]
* [http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/population-health/us-task-force-recommends-physicians-screen-all-adult-patients-for-depression.html US task force recommends physicians screen all adult patients for depression (1/26/16)]
* [http://articles.philly.com/2015-04-01/news/60686734_1_health-policy-health-care-blood-pressure Annual Wellness Visit - It is now more a conversation about wellness and prevention then trying to find evidence of disease as it was in the past (4/1/15)]
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/35/1/62.abstract Only 10% of Medicaid smokers received cessation medications in 2013. (1/2016)]
* [http://medcitynews.com/2016/05/walgreens-mental-health/ Walgreens hopes to screen 3 million on mental health by next year (5/10/16)]

Virtual Services 
* [http://www.fastcompany.com/3047894/the-future-of-work/how-to-turn-your-smartphone-into-your-personal-therapist Smartphone As A Personal Therapist. Could the technology that causes so much of our stress and anxiety also be the cure? (6/30/15)]

==People ''Insight''==
People can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being. See [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#People_Determinants People Determinants]. These are people that may support and/or influence the overall health.

===Family Members & Friends ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Family_Members_.26_Friends_Determinants Family Members & Friends Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.

===Care Team & Resources ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Care_Team_.26_Resources_Determinants Care Team & Resources Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.

===Other Contributors ''Insight''===
Insights into [http://www.patientdeterminants.org/index.php?title=Health_Determinants#Other_Contributors_Determinants Other Contributors Determinants] that can decisively affect a patient's overall health and well-being.

Health Determinants Insight

2019-01-07T01:39:57Z

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* [[Nations' Health Status Comparisons]]
* [http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/healthcare/global-healthcare-study-shows-room-for-improvement-access-quality Healthcare Global healthcare study shows U.S. has room for improvement on access, quality (5/22/17)]
* [http://healthaffairs.org/healthpolicybriefs/brief_pdfs/healthpolicybrief_123.pdf ''The Relative Contribution of Multiple Determinants to Health Outcomes'' (8/21/14)]
* [https://bipartisanpolicy.org/library/what-makes-us-healthy-vs-what-we-spend-on-being-healthy/ 10% of health outcomes are attributed to the clinical care a person receives according to the Bipartisan Policy Center. (6/5/12)]
* [http://www.countyhealthrankings.org/sites/default/files/differentPerspectivesForAssigningWeightsToDeterminantsOfHealth.pdf ''Different Perspectives for Assigning Weights to Determinants of Health'' (2/2010) Social circumstances 40%, Behavior 30%, Medical care 20%, Environmental exposure 10%]
* [https://www.uvm.edu/medicine/publichealth/documents/Schroeder2007nejmsa073350.pdf ''We Can Do Better — Improving the Health of the American People'' (9/20/2007)]
* [http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/21/2/78.full.html ''The Case for More Active Policy Attention to Health Promotion'' (3/2002) Behavior 40%, Genetic predisposition 30%, Social circumstances 15%, Medical care 10%, Environmental exposure 5%]
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8411605 ''Actual Causes of Death in the United States'' (11/10/93) tobacco (19%), diet and activity patterns (14%), alcohol (5%), microbial agents (4%), toxic agents (3%), firearms (2%), sexual behavior (1%), motor vehicles (1%)]

Health Outcomes Measures

2019-01-05T22:45:09Z

Admin:

Organizations Focused on developing [[Health Outcomes]] Measures

* [https://euroqol.org/eq-5d-instruments/ EQ-5D is a standardized instrument developed by the EuroQol Group] as a measure of health-related quality of life

* [https://www.rand.org/health-care/surveys_tools/mos/12-item-short-form.html The 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) was developed for the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS)], a multi-year study of patients with chronic conditions. Also [https://www.rand.org/health-care/surveys_tools/mos/20-item-short-form.html 20-Item Short Form Survey (SF-20)] & [https://www.rand.org/health-care/surveys_tools/mos/36-item-short-form.html 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36)] [https://www.rand.org/health-care/surveys_tools.html See More Rand Healthcare Surveys]

* [https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/analytics/patient-generated-data-could-be-missing-piece-to-new-payment-models-for-drugs-and-devices A new consortium] aims to tackle the complex issue of value-based payment for drugs, medical devices and cutting-edge gene therapy. A major part of that initiative will be defining the role of patient provided data in new value-based arrangements.

* [http://www.thevalueinitiative.org/mission-and-principles/ Innovation and Value Inititave] - their mission is to improve the way value is measured and rewarded in the healthcare system. Their goal is to promote the development and use of high value interventions that advance health. See [https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20180326.318510/full/ Health Affairs Article].

* [http://www.ichom.org/ International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM)] is a non-profit organization who believe outcomes are the ultimate measure of success in health care. When seeking treatment, patients want to know what their life will be like after treatment: will I return to work, will I be able to take care of myself, and will my symptoms improve?

United States Healthcare System

2019-01-02T19:30:14Z

Admin: Created page with "* [https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/finance/healthcare-s-share-of-gdp-drops-slightly.html National health spending's share of GDP dropped to 17.8 percent in July compared..."

* [https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/finance/healthcare-s-share-of-gdp-drops-slightly.html National health spending's share of GDP dropped to 17.8 percent in July compared to 18 percent in July 2017]

Nations' Health Status Comparisons

2019-01-02T19:14:11Z

Admin: Created page with "Here are studies that compare health status in the United States vs other nations: * [https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/health-at-a-glance-2017_hea..."

Here are studies that compare health status in the United States vs other nations:

* [https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/health-at-a-glance-2017_health_glance-2017-en Health at a Glance 2017: OECD Indicators] - [https://www.oecd.org/unitedstates/Health-at-a-Glance-2017-Key-Findings-UNITED-STATES.pdf How does the United States Compare?]